Research on operation optimization and benefit distribution of integrated energy systems for industrial enterprises with inclusion of energy storage operators

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.04.007

Abstract

Abstract:

The successful promotion and practical implementation of integrated energy systems in industrial enterprises require collaborative efforts among all stakeholders.Focused on industrial enterprises，an integrated energy system was developed incorporating investment and operation participation from energy storage operators.Based on the principles of cost-sharing，benefit-sharing，risk-sharing and win-win cooperation，the optimal operation strategies of the energy system，the quantification of collaborative benefits，and fair benefit distribution were explored.Considering demand response of power loads，a mathematical optimization model was established for the operation of an integrated energy system coupled with energy storage.A three-level evaluation index system was then developed，covering both direct economic benefits and indirect social benefits.On this basis，the monetization value equivalence method was applied to quantify collaborative benefits， and the cost-benefit method was used to ensure fair benefit distribution among multiple stakeholders.Case study results showed that the proposed mathematical optimization model and benefit distribution mechanism were reasonable and effective，with the B/C values exceeding 1 for both the overall system and individual stakeholders.

Key words: integrated energy system, energy storage operator, operation optimization, benefit distribution

CLC Number:

TK01：TM73

HAO Ning, ZHANG Tianbo, JIANG Li. Research on operation optimization and benefit distribution of integrated energy systems for industrial enterprises with inclusion of energy storage operators[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(4): 85-97.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Table 2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.5

Table 6

Fig.6

Table 7

Table 8

Fig.7

References 43

[1]	康重庆, 杜尔顺, 李姚旺, 等. 新型电力系统的“碳视角”:科学问题与研究框架[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(3):821-833.
	KANG Chongqing, DU Ershun, LI Yaowang, et al. Key scientific problems and research framework for carbon perspective research of new power systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(3):821-833.
[2]	李晖, 刘栋, 姚丹阳. 面向碳达峰碳中和目标的我国电力系统发展研判[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(18):6245-6259.
	LI Hui, LIU Dong, YAO Danyang. Analysis and reflection on the development of power system towards the goal of carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(18):6245-6259.
[3]	骆钊, 刘德文, 沈鑫, 等. 综合能源系统优化运行技术研究综述[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(12):3-14. doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.12.001
	LUO Zhao, LIU Dewen, SHEN Xin, et al. Review of research on optimal operation technology of integrated energy system[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2022, 43(12):3-14. doi: 10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.12.001
[4]	王伟亮, 王丹, 贾宏杰, 等. 能源互联网背景下的典型区域综合能源系统稳态分析研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(12):3292-3306.
	WANG Weiliang, WANG Dan, JIA Hongjie, et al. Review of steady-state analysis of typical regional integrated energy system under the background of energy Internet[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(12):3292-3306.
[5]	李嘉祺, 陈艳波, 陈来军, 等. 工业园区综合能源系统低碳经济优化运行模型[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(8):3190-3200.
	LI Jiaqi, CHEN Yanbo, CHEN Laijun, et al. Low-carbon economy optimization model of integrated energy system in industrial parks[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2022, 48(8):3190-3200.
[6]	赵冬梅, 徐辰宇, 陶然, 等. 多元分布式储能在新型电力系统配电侧的灵活调控研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(5):1776-1798.
	ZHAO Dongmei, XU Chenyu, TAO Ran, et al. Review on flexible regulation of multiple distributed energy storage in distribution side of new power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(5):1776-1798.
[7]	李建林, 梁策, 张则栋, 等. 新型电力系统下储能政策及商业模式分析[J]. 高压电器, 2023, 59(7):104-116.
	LI Jianlin, LIANG Ce, ZHANG Zedong, et al. Analysis of energy storage policies and business models in new power system[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2023, 59(7):104-116.
[8]	刘健, 孙心玥, 戴卓妮, 等. 考虑市场影响的风电厂与储能运营商联合调度策略研究[J]. 管理工程学报, 2024, 38(2):206-220.
	LIU Jian, SUN Xinyue, DAI Zhuoni, et al. Implication of market impact on co-optimization scheduling policy for electricity merchants with energy storage and wind farms[J]. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2024, 38(2):206-220.
[9]	王晓海, 徐静静, 胡永锋, 等. 新形势下发电企业在综合能源服务领域的业务分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(3):9-16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.03.002
	WANG Xiaohai, XU Jingjing, HU Yongfeng, et al. Business analysis on integrated energy services of power generation enterprises under the new circumstances[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(3):9-16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.03.002
[10]	张会福. 多能互补系统经济运行方法研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(11):79-86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.11.011
	ZHANG Huifu. Research on economic operation method of multi energy complementary systems[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(11):79-86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.11.011
[11]	郭帅, 任洪波, 吴琼. 区域综合能源系统规划设计及评价研究综述[J]. 上海节能, 2019(4):245-250.
	GUO Shuai, REN Hongbo, WU Qiong. A review of planning, design and evaluation of regional integrated energy systems[J]. Shanghai Energy Conservation, 2019(4):245-250.
[12]	牛焕娜, 王青林, 袁嘉兴, 等. 基于三层博弈的社区综合能源系统电热交易策略[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2024, 52(5):25-37.
	NIU Huanna, WANG Qinglin, YUAN Jiaxing, et al. Heat-electricity trading decisions of a community integrated energy system based on three-layer game theory[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2024, 52(5):25-37.
[13]	张明光, 王文婷, 陈大为. 基于合作博弈的多区域综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 智慧电力, 2022, 50(10):102-108.
	ZHANG Mingguang, WANG Wenting, CHEN Dawei. Optimal dispatching of multi-regional integrated energy system based on cooperative game[J]. Smart Power, 2022, 50(10):102-108.
[14]	王鹏飞, 李世民, 张磊, 等. 基于合作博弈的风-光-综合能源系统多主体协同运行策略[J]. 智慧电力, 2023, 51(9):52-59.
	WANG Pengfei, LI Shimin, ZHANG Lei, et al. Multi-agent cooperative operation strategy of wind-photovoltaic-integrated energy system based on cooperative game[J]. Smart Power, 2023, 51(9):52-59.
[15]	曾鸣, 刘英新, 周鹏程, 等. 综合能源系统建模及效益评价体系综述与展望[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42(6):1697-1708.
	ZENG Ming, LIU Yingxin, ZHOU Pengcheng, et al. Review and prospects of integrated energy system modeling and benefit evaluation[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(6):1697-1708.
[16]	NEHLER T, RASMUSSEN J. How do firms consider non-energy benefits? Empirical findings on energy-efficiency investments in Swedish industry[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016,113:472-482.
[17]	OUYANG J, SHEN H. The choice of energy saving modes for an energy-intensive manufacturer considering non-energy benefits[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017,141:83-98.
[18]	冯力鸿. 基于RAS法的电力经济关系的研究与分析[J]. 中国电业(技术版), 2016(3):59-62.
	FENG Lihong. Research and analysis of electric power economic relations based on RAS method[J]. China Electric Power (Technology Edition), 2016(3):59-62.
[19]	LUO B, HUANG G H, ZHAO K, et al. Multi-effect equilibrium analysis for sector-level direct/indirect socio-economic and environmental effects of large-scale hydropower initiatives:A case study for the world's 7th-largest hydropower project[J]. Resources,Conservation and Recycling, 2024,202,107366.
[20]	张开智, 杨娜, 尹江. 计及绿证-碳交易的综合能源系统运行优化[J]. 自动化应用, 2024(17):95-100.
	ZHANG Kaizhi, YANG Na, YIN Jiang. Optimization of integrated energy system operation including green certificate-carbon trading[J]. Automation Application, 2024(17):95-100.
[21]	韩朝兵, 汤冰, 尹瑞麟, 等. 典型综合能源系统建模及特性仿真研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(6):49-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.007
	HAN Chaobing, TANG Bing, YIN Ruilin, et al. Research on modeling and characteristic simulation of a typical integrated energy system[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(6):49-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.06.007
[22]	李耐心, 李良杰, 杜鹏. 计及负荷灵活特性的工业园区综合能源系统日前优化调度研究[J]. 能源与环保, 2024, 46(1):227-234.
	LI Naixin, LI Liangjie, DU Peng. Research on day-ahead optimal scheduling of integrated energy system in industrial parks based on flexible load characteristics[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection, 2024, 46(1):227-234.
[23]	陈勇, 肖雷鸣, 王井南, 等. 基于场景扩充的低碳综合能源系统高可靠性容量规划方法[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(4):24-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.04.004
	CHEN Yong, XIAO Leiming, WANG Jingnan, et al. Capacity planning method with high reliability for integrated energy systems with low-carbon emissions based on scenario expansion[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(4):24-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.04.004
[24]	于谨凯, 张亚敏. 基于市场价值法的溢油对海洋环境容量损失评估研究[J]. 河北渔业, 2012(5):9-13,20.
	YU Jinkai, ZHANG Yamin. A research on the loss of marine environmental capacity oil spill makes[J]. Hebei Fisheries, 2012(5):9-13,20.
[25]	何德炬, 方金武. 市场价值法在环境经济效益分析中的应用[J]. 安徽工程科技学院学报(自然科学版), 2008, 23(1):68-70.
	HE Deju, FANG Jinwu. Market valuation method in the application of environment economic efficiency analysis[J]. Journal of Anhui University of Technology and Science (Natural Science), 2008, 23(1):68-70.
[26]	FREED M, FELDER F A. Non-energy benefits:Workhorse or unicorn of energy efficiency programs[J]. The Electricity Journal, 2017,30:43-46.
[27]	闫亮. 伴生气回收利用装置建设项目经济评价: 长庆油田为例[D]. 西安: 西安石油大学, 2014.
	YAN Liang. Economic evaluation of associated gas recovery and utilization device construction project: Taking Changqing oilfield as an example[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an Shiyou University, 2014.
[28]	SIDHU A S, POLLITT M G, ANAYA K L. A social cost benefit analysis of grid-scale electrical energy storage projects:A case study[J]. Applied Energy, 2018,212:881-894.
[29]	高鑫, 解建仓, 汪妮, 等. 基于物元分析与替代市场法的水资源价值量核算研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 40(5):224-230.
	GAO Xin, XIE Jiancang, WANG Ni, et al. Accounting the value of water resources based on the matter-element and alternative market method[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 40(5):224-230.
[30]	国常宁, 杨建州. 基于双边界二分式CVM法的森林生物多样性生态价值评估[J]. 统计与决策, 2019, 35(24):24-28.
	GUO Changning, YANG Jianzhou. Evaluation on ecological value of forest biodiversity resource based on double-bounded contingent valuation methods[J]. Statistics & Decision, 2019, 35(24):24-28.
[31]	李开孟. 环境影响货币量化分析的疾病成本、人力资本和机会成本法[J]. 中国工程咨询, 2008(6):58-61.
	LI Kaimeng. Disease cost,human capital and opportunity cost in quantitative analysis of environmental impact currency[J]. Chinese Consulting Engineers, 2008(6):58-61.
[32]	WISER R, MILLSTEIN D, MAI T, et al. The environmental and public health benefits of achieving high penetrations of solar energy in the United States[J]. Energy, 2016,113:472-486.
[33]	YUSHCHENKO A, PATEL M K. Cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency programs:How to better understand and improve from multiple stakeholder perspectives[J]. Energy Policy, 2017,108:538-550.
[34]	SHANG T C, ZHANG K, LIU P H, et al. What to allocate and how to allocate? Benefit allocation in shared savings energy performance contracting projects[J]. Energy, 2015,91:60-71.
[35]	周涣, 郑全新, 徐诗傲, 等. 考虑多能互补的综合能源系统优化调度研究[J]. 荆楚理工学院学报, 2023, 38(6):22-33.
	ZHOU Huan, ZHENG Quanxin, XU Shiao, et al. Research on optimal scheduling of integrated energy system considering multi-energy complementarity[J]. Journal of Jingchu University of Technology, 2023, 38(6):22-33.
[36]	薄荣明, 蒋挺, 孙立瑶, 等. 考虑电/热需求响应的区域综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 吉林电力, 2023, 51(4):1-6.
	BO Rongming, JIANG Ting, SUN Liyao, et al. Optimal dispatching of regional integrated energy system considering electricity/heat demand response[J]. Jilin Electric Power, 2023, 51(4):1-6.
[37]	吴永孝, 肖辉, 曾林俊, 等. 考虑供需双边响应的综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 电力建设, 2024, 45(10): 13-23.
	WU Yongxiao, XIAO Hui, ZENG Linjun, et al. Optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems considering bilateral response of supply and demand[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2024, 45(10):13-23.
[38]	于小唐, 覃智君, 梁志坚. 需求响应的园区综合能源系统优化运行方式研究[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 49(4):788-798.
	YU Xiaotang, QIN Zhijun, LIANG Zhijian. Research on optimization operation mode of park integrated energy system for demand response[J]. Journal of Guangxi University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 49(4):788-798.
[39]	黄守军, 杨俊, 陈其安, 等. 基于风险效益均衡的发电侧碳排放权交易差价合约谈判模型[J]. 中国管理科学, 2016, 24(1):124-133.
	HUANG Shoujun, YANG Jun, CHEN Qi'an, et al. CFD negotiation models of carbon emissions trading in generation side based on risk-benefit balance[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2016, 24(1):124-133.
[40]	SKUMATZ L A. Efficiency programs' non-energy benefits: How states are finally making progress in reducing bias in cost-effectiveness tests[J]. The Electricity Journal, 2015, 28(8):96-109.
[41]	王华, 苏春海. 市政建设项目社会效益和环境效益经济评价的实例研究[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版), 2001, 3(3):28-32.
	WANG Hua, SU Chunhai. A case study on social & environmental benefits assessment on civil projects[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(Social Sciences), 2001, 3(3): 28-32.
[42]	SCHMIDT A, DONSBACH W. Acceptance factors of hydrogen and their use by relevant stakeholders and the media[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(8):4509-4520.
[43]	DONG J, ZHANG X, XU X L. Techno-economic assessment and policy of gas power generation considering the role of multiple stakeholders in China[J]. Energy Policy, 2012,48:209-221.

一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
直接效益	直接经济效益	能源费用削减效益
间接效益	环境效益	碳减排效益
	环境效益	绿色能源渗透效益
	区域经济波及效益	设备投资波及效益
	区域经济波及效益	房地产增值效益
	风险规避效益	能源供给中断损失规避效益
	普及启发效益	低碳环保理念普及启发效益
	普及启发效益	先进技术理念广告宣传效益
	舒适度提升效益	健康水平提升效益

间接效益分类		货币化评估法	货币价值换算关键因素
环境效益	碳减排效益	市场价值法^[24-26]	碳排放因子	碳交易价格	碳减排量
环境效益	绿色能源渗透效益	市场价值法^[24-26]	绿证个数	绿证交易价格
区域经济波及效益	设备投资波及效益	波及效益理论法^[27-28]	投资增加额度（产业关联分析）	附加价值率
	房地产增值效益（对住宅建筑）	替代市场法^[29]	对象建筑面积	房地产市场价格	潜在增长率
	房地产增值效益（对商业建筑）	替代市场法^[29]	对象建筑面积	房地产市场价格	潜在增长率
风险规避效益	能源供给中断规避效益	替代市场法	系统运行中断时间	损失负荷的单位时间价值	发生概率
普及启发效益	低碳环保理念普及启发效益	条件价值法（CVM）^[30]	教育对象人数	参观人均费用	参观次数
	先进节能技术广告宣传效益	条件价值法（CVM）^[30]	广告费用	广告宣传效果系数	广告数
	健康水平提升效益	疾病成本法^[31-32]	健康提升效益	影响人数	影响概率

设备	参数	数值
燃气轮机	发电效率/%	40
	热回收效率/%	46
	使用年限/a	25
光伏电池	发电效率/%	16
光伏电池	使用年限/a	25
电锅炉	效率/%	98
电锅炉	使用年限/a	25
燃气锅炉	效率/%	90
燃气锅炉	使用年限/a	25
蓄电池	充电效率/%	95
	放电效率/%	95
	使用年限/a	10
蓄热罐	蓄热效率/%	90
	放热效率/%	90
	使用年限/a	25

设备	容量	投资成本	运维成本/ [元·（kW·h）^-1]
燃气轮机	1 500 kW	8 000 元/kW	0.207 9
燃气锅炉	1 400 kW	800 元/kW	0.080 0
光伏设备	3 200 kW	4 300 元/kW	0.060 0
电锅炉	500 kW	1 000 元/kW	0.040 0
蓄电池	1 500 kW·h	1 000 元/(kW·h）	0.029 0
蓄热罐	1 000 kW·h	35 元/(kW·h）	0.005 4

参数	数值
CO₂市场价格/（元·t^-1）	120
绿色证书市场交易价格/（元·张^-1）	50
粗附加价值率/%	50
波及效应持续时间/a	20
房价增长率/%	0.5
增值效果持续时间/a	20
单位能源供给中断损失额/[元·(kW·h)^-1]	184
能源供给中断时间/（h·次^-1）	72
能源供给中断发生率/（次·a^-1）	0.022
启发教育单位成本/（元·人^-1）	198
影响系数	0.3
广告宣传费用/（元·a^-1）	50（PV）/60（CHP）
广告宣传效果系数/%	2
平均医疗费用/（元·a^-1）	4 822
发生概率/%	1
影响人数	2 000
平均缺勤工资/（元·d^-1）	577