提高存量火电利用小时减少北方农村冬季散煤取暖烟尘排放

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析雾霾成因之一燃煤烟尘排放数据，确认散煤燃烧的烟尘排放量是燃煤电厂的150~330倍(2017年数据)，提出相应控排烟尘手段是减少北方农村冬季的散煤取暖。比较火电与散煤烟尘排放量，提出火电“上大压小”已完成历史使命，不宜继续。存量火电实际排放标准已可媲美气电，比较两者成本与对外依存度，提出“气代煤”应是燃气替代散煤，而非气电替代煤电。结合当前存量火电利用小时数低于4300h的现状，在分析北京“煤改电”补贴政策的基础上，提出提高存量火电利用小时，所增加电量以阶梯成本电价直补农户，以替代北方农村散煤取暖，实现资源充分利用，以电价转移支持环境改善，为控制雾霾重要成因之一的散煤取暖烟尘排放提供了新的思路。

关键词:

">">雾霾, 烟尘排放, 采暖, 存量火电, 利用小时

Abstract:

It analyses the data of soot emission which is a cause of smog. It is confirmed that the soot emissions from bulk coal are 150～330 times that of coalfired power plants (2017 data).To control the smoke and dust during winter in the northern rural areas, corresponding measures should be taken. Comparing the emission of thermal power and bulk coal, the policy that ‘admission of great capacity and rejection of small capacity’ has become history. The emission of stocked thermal power is almost equal to that of gas generating. Considering the cost and external dependence of these two generating methods, it proposed that it is the bulk coal that should be taken place by natural gas, instead of the coal. Based on the status quo that utilization hours of stocked thermal power is less than 4300h and there is subsidy for ‘switching from coal to electricity’ currently, it proposes to increase the utilization of stocked thermal power, to subsidize farmers with tiered electricity prices and to replace the bulk coal in northern rural areas. Full use of resources can be made and environment can be improved with electricity prices transferring. It provides a new way to control the emission of soot, an important cause of smog.

Key words:

smog, soot emissions, heating, stocked thermal power, utilization hours

乐建华，刘进雄. 提高存量火电利用小时减少北方农村冬季散煤取暖烟尘排放[J]. 华电技术, 2018, 40(9): 55-60.

LE Jianhua, LIU Jinxiong.

Reduce the emission of soot caused by heating in the northern rural areas during winter by increasing the utilization hours of stocked thermal power

[J]. Huadian Technology, 2018, 40(9): 55-60.

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