“双碳”目标下传统火电面临的挑战与对策

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“双碳”目标下,电力行业的低碳发展面临严峻挑战。通过梳理国外碳中和目标及采取的路径和措施,结合我国“双碳”目标及预期路径,分析了传统火电企业面临的可再生能源消纳、传统火电退役困难等问题。传统火电结合储能技术可提升灵活性,满足电力系统运行的稳定性;传统火电可融合化工产业及碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）技术等构建火电新型产业链。传统火电转型发展关乎国家能源安全与民生保障,在可再生能源快速发展过程中应克服新能源消纳和储能障碍,同时,火电的兜底作用和基荷作用不可忽视。

关键词: 温室气体排放, “双碳”目标, 火电, 储能技术, CCUS, 新型电力系统, 多能耦合, 可再生能源

Abstract:

To achieve the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak,there are stern challenges confronted by power industry in its low-carbon transformation. Combing the goals and countermeasures taken by foreign countries and regions,the difficulties faced by traditional thermal power enterprises in renewable energy consumption and old unit decommissioning are analyzed. Combination traditional thermal power plants with energy storage technology can enhance their operation flexibility and stabilize the whole power system. Integrating traditional thermal power with chemical industry, CCUS and other new technologies can build a new thermal power industry chain. The transformation and development of traditional thermal power is related to national energy security and people's livelihood. Thus,in the rapid development of renewable energy, the obstacles of new energy consumption and energy storage should be overcome, and the role of thermal power as safeguard and base load is unignorable.

Key words: greenhouse gas emission, the target of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, thermal power, energy storage technology, CCUS, new power system, multi-energy coupling, renewable energy

中图分类号:

TK01⁺9

马双忱, 杨鹏威, 王放放, 樊帅军, 赵光金, 李琦, 袁文玺, 卢锐, 邱明杰. “双碳”目标下传统火电面临的挑战与对策[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2021, 43(12): 36-45.

MA Shuangchen, YANG Pengwei, WANG Fangfang, FAN Shuaijun, ZHAO Guangjin, LI Qi, YUAN Wenxi, LU Rui, QIU Mingjie. Challenges and countermeasures of traditional thermal power under the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2021, 43(12): 36-45.

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碳中和时间	正在立法	立法规定	承诺
2035年			芬兰
2040年			奥地利、冰岛
2045年		瑞典
2050年	欧盟、加拿大、韩国、西班牙、智利、斐济	英国、法国、丹麦、新西兰、匈牙利	日本、德国、瑞士、挪威、爱尔兰、南非、葡萄牙、哥斯达黎加、斯洛文尼亚、马绍尔群岛、美国

储能技术类型	成熟度	投资成本/（元·kW^-1）	转化效率/%
抽水储能	商业化	5 000~6 000	71~80
压缩空气	示范项目	3 000~5 500	42~75

方案	优点	缺点
热电联产机组配热水储热灵活调峰^[53]	技术相对成熟、改造范围较小、耦合情况好	空间使用较大、储热时运行负荷大、夜间和极端天气需辅助加热
纯凝机组配高温熔盐储热系统灵活性调峰^[34]	性能良好、系统运行压力小、温度范围较宽、储热量大、价格低、储热密度大	熔盐管路容易发生凝固或冻堵;熔盐对管道和储罐腐蚀性强;极端天气下需要采取防冻措施