基于强化学习及纵横交叉粒子群算法的电网最优潮流计算

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对电力系统最优潮流计算问题,提出了一种新的基于Q学习和纵横交叉搜索的粒子群算法。改进的算法在粒子群的寻优模式中引入纵横交叉算子进行优化,加强了全局收敛能力。同时,该改进算法引入Q学习的探索模式,使其在已知的解空间内进行发掘,从而更好地平衡探索与利用之间的关系。为解决Q学习算法的维度灾难问题,使用了状态-组合动作链的方法。IEEE57和IEEE118节点系统的仿真结果表明,所提算法可以增强传统粒子群算法的全局收敛性,有效求解大规模的最优潮流问题。

关键词: 最优潮流, 改进粒子群, Q学习, 纵横交叉算法, 群智能优化算法

Abstract:

To solve the optimal power flow in power systems,new particle swarm optimization（PSO）algorithm based on Q learning and crisscross search is proposed.The improved algorithm introduces crossover operator into PSO mode to enhance the global convergence ability.At the same time,introducing the exploration mode of Q learning into the improved algorithm makes the algorithm explore in the known solution space,so as to better balance the relationship between exploration and utilization.In order to solve the dimension disaster of Q learning algorithm,the method of state-action chain is used.Simulation results of IEEE57 and IEEE118 node systems show that the proposed algorithm can enhance the global convergence of the traditional PSO algorithm,and effectively solve large-scale optimal power flow problems.

Key words: optimal power flow, improved particle swarm, Q learning, crisscross algorithm, swarm intelligence optimization

中图分类号:

TM744

孟安波, 王鹏, 丁伟锋, 陈顺, 梁濡铎, 张铮. 基于强化学习及纵横交叉粒子群算法的电网最优潮流计算[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(8): 74-82.

MENG Anbo, WANG Peng, DING Weifeng, CHEN Shun, LIANG Ruduo, ZHANG Zheng. Optimal power flow calculation of power grid based on reinforcement learning and crisscross PSO algorithm particle swarm optimization[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(8): 74-82.

图/表 9

图1

表1

表2

案例1中最优控制变量设定

控制变量	CS-QPSO	控制变量	CS-QPSO
$P G 2$ /MW	89.25	$T 24 - 25$ /p.u.	0.99
$P G 3$ /MW	44.03	$T 24 - 26$ /p.u.	1.01
$P G 6$ /MW	69.16	$T 7 - 29$ /p.u.	0.92
$P G 8$ /MW	460.70	$T 32 - 34$ /p.u.	0.95
$P G 9$ /MW	100.00	$T 11 - 41$ /p.u.	0.95
$P G 12$ /MW	357.93	$T 15 - 45$ /p.u.	0.91
$V 1$ /p.u.	1.07	$T 14 - 46$ /p.u.	0.90
$V 2$ /p.u.	1.07	$T 10 - 51$ /p.u.	0.92
$V 3$ /p.u.	1.07	$T 13 - 49$ /p.u.	0.90
$V 6$ /p.u.	1.08	$T 11 - 43$ /p.u.	0.90
$V 8$ /p.u.	1.10	$T 40 - 56$ /p.u.	1.10
$V 9$ /p.u.	1.08	$T 39 - 57$ /p.u.	1.01
$V 12$ /p.u.	1.06	$T 9 - 55$ /p.u.	0.94
$T 4 - 18$ /p.u.	1.00	$Q C 18$ /Mvar	6.44
$T 4 - 18$ /p.u.	1.01	$Q C 25$ /Mvar	11.99
$T 21 - 20$ /p.u.	1.10	$Q C 53$ /Mvar	11.06
$T 24 - 25$ /p.u.	1.01

表2

图2

表3

表4

案例2中最优控制变量设定

控制变量	CS-QPSO	控制变量	CS-QPSO	控制变量	CS-QPSO
$P G 2$ /MW	0.00	$P G 46$ /MW	38.33	$V G 36$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 3$ /MW	2.84	$P G 47$ /MW	0.47	$V G 37$ /p.u.	1.05
$P G 4$ /MW	0.00	$P G 48$ /MW	7.10	$V G 38$ /p.u.	1.05
$P G 5$ /MW	406.68	$P G 49$ /MW	29.08	$V G 39$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 6$ /MW	86.46	$P G 50$ /MW	8.03	$V G 40$ /p.u.	1.05
$P G 7$ /MW	19.90	$P G 51$ /MW	35.18	$V G 41$ /p.u.	1.03
$P G 8$ /MW	16.22	$P G 52$ /MW	35.22	$V G 42$ /p.u.	1.03
$P G 9$ /MW	18.72	$P G 53$ /MW	0.00	$V G 43$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 10$ MW	0.00	$P G 54$ /MW	0.00	$V G 44$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 11$ /MW	196.11	$V G 1$ /p.u.	1.03	$V G 45$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 12$ /MW	282.58	$V G 2$ /p.u.	1.05	$V G 46$ /p.u.	1.02
$P G 13$ /MW	13.20	$V G 3$ /p.u.	1.04	$V G 47$ /p.u.	1.02
$P G 14$ /MW	7.23	$V G 4$ /p.u.	1.10	$V G 48$ /p.u.	1.01
$P G 15$ /MW	13.92	$V G 5$ /p.u.	1.10	$V G 49$ /p.u.	1.00
$P G 16$ /MW	3.88	$V G 6$ /p.u.	1.04	$V G 50$ /p.u.	1.01
$P G 17$ /MW	11.87	$V G 7$ /p.u.	1.03	$V G 51$ /p.u.	1.02
$P G 18$ /MW	49.38	$V G 8$ /p.u.	1.04	$V G 52$ /p.u.	1.00
$P G 19$ /MW	42.55	$V G 9$ /p.u.	1.03	$V G 53$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 20$ /MW	19.24	$V G 10$ /p.u.	1.05	$V G 54$ /p.u.	1.10
$P G 21$ /MW	193.26	$V G 11$ /p.u.	1.08	$T 1$ /p.u.	1.03
$P G 22$ /MW	49.33	$V G 12$ /p.u.	1.10	$T 2$ /p.u.	1.10
$P G 23$ /MW	29.48	$V G 13$ /p.u.	1.05	$T 3$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 24$ /MW	31.42	$V G 14$ /p.u.	1.03	$T 4$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 25$ /MW	149.66	$V G 15$ /p.u.	1.04	$T 5$ /p.u.	1.03
$P G 26$ /MW	146.83	$V G 16$ /p.u.	1.04	$T 6$ /p.u.	1.03
$P G 27$ /MW	0.00	$V G 17$ /p.u.	1.04	$T 7$ /p.u.	1.02
$P G 28$ /MW	354.45	$V G 18$ /p.u.	1.03	$T 8$ /p.u.	0.97
$P G 29$ /MW	349.49	$V G 19$ /p.u.	1.04	$T 9$ /p.u.	1.03
$P G 30$ /MW	706.21	$V G 20$ /p.u.	1.05	$Q C 1$ /MVar	13.10
$P G 31$ /MW	0.00	$V G 21$ /p.u.	1.06	$Q C 2$ /MVar	3.83
$P G 32$ /MW	0.00	$V G 22$ /p.u.	1.04	$Q C 3$ /MVar	0.00
$P G 33$ /MW	0.00	$V G 23$ /p.u.	1.03	$Q C 4$ /MVar	5.13
$P G 34$ /MW	19.42	$V G 24$ /p.u.	1.03	$Q C 5$ /MVar	19.14
$P G 35$ /MW	22.67	$V G 25$ /p.u.	1.06	$Q C 6$ /MVar	21.77
$P G 36$ /MW	0.00	$V G 26$ /p.u.	1.06	$Q C 7$ /MVar	12.68
$P G 37$ /MW	432.87	$V G 27$ /p.u.	1.06	$Q C 8$ /MVar	24.17
$P G 38$ /MW	0.00	$V G 28$ /p.u.	1.10	$Q C 9$ /MVar	30.00
$P G 39$ /MW	3.59	$V G 29$ /p.u.	1.08	$Q C 10$ /MVar	16.11
$P G 40$ /MW	503.14	$V G 30$ /p.u.	1.08	$Q C 11$ /MVar	16.30
$P G 41$ /MW	0.00	$V G 31$ /p.u.	1.05	$C 12$ /MVar	11.02
$P G 42$ /MW	0.00	$V G 32$ /p.u.	1.04	$C 13$ /MVar	30.00
$P G 43$ /MW	0.00	$V G 33$ /p.u.	1.04	$C 14$ /MVar	17.35
$P G 44$ /MW	0.00	$V G 34$ /p.u.	1.04
$P G 45$ /MW	230.86	$V G 35$ /p.u.	1.03

表4

图3

表5

图4

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优化算法	最小值	平均值	最大值
HMICA-SQP	41 881.66	—	—
GA	41 711.94	41 719.60	41 734.16
DE	41 709.88	41 715.29	41 720.36
GSA	41 695.87	—	—
MSA	41 673.72	—	—
NISSO	41 665.54	—	—
FAHSPSO-DE	41 637.18	—	—
PSO	41 670.62	41 745.37	41 837.77
CS-QPSO	41 590.86	41 604.08	41 621.14

优化算法	最小值	平均值	最大值
SSO	132 080.41	—	—
PSO	131 005.73	—	—
PSO	130 062.86	130 142.48	130 234.34
GPU-PSO	129 627.03	—	—
NISSO	129 879.45	—	—
IABC	129 862.00	129 895.00	129 941.00
MSA	129 640.72	—	—
PSO	130 344.33	131 417.60	133 016.09
CS-QPSO	129 568.55	129 627.23	129 698.87

优化算法	最小值	平均值	最大值
NISSO	9.98	—	—
FAHSPSO-DE	11.73	—	—
SSO	10.61	—	—
PSO	9.25	9.77	10.60
CS-QPSO	8.79	9.20	9.70