新能源并网电力系统临界惯量线性化计算方法及应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新能源-变流器馈入的数量增加，电力系统等效惯量不断降低，导致系统在高比例和大规模电力电子设备接入的情况下面临频率失稳风险。临界惯量是反映电网频率安全边界的最小惯量，是判断电网频率安全状态的关键参数，但求解具有非线性特征，复杂难求。提出一种新能源并网系统的临界惯量线性化计算方法。引入频率最低点和最大频率变化率边界约束指标对应临界惯量，通过建立电网等效转子运动方程，并对同步机组一次调频响应过程线性化处理，实现对临界惯量线性化解析求解。针对某实际电网模型，采用PSASP软件仿真验证了计算结果的精确性。

关键词: 临界惯量, 频率最低点安全约束, 频率变化率安全约束, 新能源并网电力系统

Abstract:

With the increase of new energy sources and converter feed-ins， the equivalent inertia of a power system continuously decreases， leading to instable power systems with high-proportion new energy and massive electronic devices accessed. Critical inertia，the lower limit of the inertia， represents safety boundary of grid frequency，and it is a key parameter in judging the safety of the power grid. However， the solving process is complex since the parameter is nonlinear. In view of this， a linearized calculation method for critical inertia of the energy system with renewable energy is proposed. By introducing the critical inertias corresponding to the two boundary constraints， the lowest frequency and the maximum frequency variation rate， the equivalent rotor motion equation of the grid is established，and the primary frequency response process of a synchronous generator set is linearized， realizing the linearized analytical solution for the critical inertia. Finally， the accuracy of the calculation results is verified through PSASP software simulation executed on an actual power grid model.

Key words: critical inertia, safety constraint of the lowest frequency, safety constraint of the frequency variation rate, renewable energy system

中图分类号:

TK01：TM744

洪鎏, 吕道鑫, 杨忠涛, 马少武, 姜雪. 新能源并网电力系统临界惯量线性化计算方法及应用[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(9): 10-17.

HONG Liu, LYU Daoxin, YANG Zhongtao, MA Shaowu, JIANG Xue. Linearized calculation method of critical inertia in energy power systems with renewable energy and its application[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(9): 10-17.

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电源	装机容量	电源	装机容量
火电厂1	1 320	火电厂9	450
火电厂2	356	火电厂10	120
火电厂3	768	光伏场	300
火电厂4	600	风电场	554
火电厂5	4 500	互联电网等值电源1	510
火电厂6	2 370	互联电网等值电源2	2 510
火电厂7	1 980	互联电网等值电源3	1 560
火电厂8	2 430

故障场景		临界惯量H_min
新能源低渗透率	①特高压直流闭锁	2.03
新能源低渗透率	②大机组脱网	0.93
新能源高渗透率	③特高压直流闭锁	2.22
新能源高渗透率	④大机组脱网	1.03

故障场景	临界惯量H_min/s	新能源可新增并网容量/GW
特高压直流闭锁	2.22	13.225
大机组脱网	1.03	49.442