基于动态相量的构网型储能系统建模与稳定性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新能源在电网中的渗透比例不断增加，构网型储能（GFS）设备的并联运行已成为保障电力系统稳定的关键。然而，传统GFS设备的并联运行主要依赖控制器的下垂控制特性，但在系统遭遇扰动时，仅靠下垂控制难以确保系统稳定性。为此，提出了一种基于动态相量的小信号建模方法，并结合特征值分析识别影响并联GFS设备相互作用的关键因素。与传统单一频域或时域方法相比，该方法能够更细致地刻画逆变器的高频动态响应特性，量化控制与网络参数对系统稳定性的耦合作用，从而在不增加额外阻尼的情况下拓展系统的稳定运行区域；该方法的模块化设计便于适应不同系统拓扑结构，显著提升了模型的适应性与稳定性预测的准确性；Matlab/Simulink的仿真验证表明，该方法在多种运行条件下均能有效评估系统稳定性，相较传统方法具备更高的精确性和灵活性。

关键词: 构网型储能, 下垂控制, 动态相量, 特征值分析, 小信号建模

Abstract:

With the increasing penetration of new energy in the power grid， the parallel operation of grid-forming energy storage （GFS） devices has become crucial for ensuring power system stability. However， the parallel operation of traditional GFS devices mainly relies on the droop control characteristics of controllers， and droop control alone is insufficient to ensure system stability when the system experiences disturbances. Therefore， a small-signal modeling method based on dynamic phasors was proposed， combined with eigenvalue analysis to identify key factors affecting the interactions among parallel GFS devices. Compared with traditional single frequency-domain or time-domain methods， this method could more precisely characterize the high-frequency dynamic response characteristics of inverters and quantify the coupling effects of control and network parameters on system stability， thereby expanding the stable operation region of the system without introducing additional damping. Moreover， the modular design of this method facilitated adaptation to different system topologies， significantly improving the adaptability of the model and the accuracy of stability prediction. Simulation verification using Matlab/Simulink showed that the proposed method could effectively evaluate system stability under various operating conditions， offering higher accuracy and flexibility compared with traditional methods.

Key words: grid-forming energy storage, droop control, dynamic phasor, eigenvalue analysis, small-signal modeling

中图分类号:

TK 01：TM 73

曾蕴睿, 王泽祺, 许博, 蒋天雨, 李犀郡, 李亭奕. 基于动态相量的构网型储能系统建模与稳定性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(3): 27-36.

ZENG Yunrui, WANG Zeqi, XU Bo, JIANG Tianyu, LI Xijun, LI Tingyi. Modeling and stability analysis of grid-forming energy storage systems based on dynamic phasors[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(3): 27-36.

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变量	数值	变量	数值
V_DC（标幺值）	1	R_vi0/Ω	2.2
H	5	k_p	0.2
L_f/μH	80	k_i	4
R_L/Ω	100	D_P	0.5
L_L/H	2	D_Q	0.5
C_f/μF	500	P${}_{\mathrm{G}}^{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}$/kW	1
R_f/Ω	0.5	Q${}_{\mathrm{G}}^{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}$/kW	0.1
L_x/H	2	R_x/Ω	0.8