全氟和多氟烷基物质对健康、生态的影响和处理技术展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.001

综合智慧能源 ›› 2021, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (12): 1-9.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.001

• 节能与环保 • 下一篇

全氟和多氟烷基物质对健康、生态的影响和处理技术展望

陈绍良¹(), 成红燕²(), 陈北洋²(), 阿卜杜勒·加尼·瑞泽普¹^,³^,^*(), 黄津辉¹^,^*()

1.南开大学 a.环境科学与工程学院;b.中加水与环境安全联合研发中心,天津 300350
2.华电水务科技股份有限公司,北京 100070
3.加拿大麦克马斯特大学土木工程系,汉密尔顿 ON L8S 4L8

收稿日期:2021-04-28 修回日期:2021-09-09 出版日期:2021-12-25
通讯作者: *阿卜杜勒·加尼·瑞泽普（1951—）,男,加拿大籍,加拿大麦克马斯特大学荣誉教授,南开大学环境科学与工程学院讲席教授,加拿大工程院院士,从事生态材料、低碳零能耗建筑、智慧绿色工程、流体力学计算与模拟、新型膜生物反应器的研究（E-mail： razaqpu@mcmaster.ca）。
作者简介:陈绍良（1996—）,男,天津人,在读博士研究生,从事低温状态氯离子在水泥基材料中扩散分析、钢纤维混凝土的结构优化、固体废物资源化、环境污染物去除等相关研究工作（E-mail： chenshaoliang@mail.nankai.edu.cn）。
成红燕（1967—）,女,北京人,正高级工程师,从事发电厂水处理及环境工程技术的研究（E-mail： chenhy@chec.com.cn）。
陈北洋（1985—）,女,天津人,高级工程师,从事污水和污泥处理技术的研究（E-mail： chenby@chec.com.cn）。
基金资助:
南开大学外专千人科研项目(040-BE044741);海河英才计划专项经费(040-C021801601)

Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on health and ecosystem and their treatment technology

CHEN Shaoliang¹(), CHENG Hongyan²(), CHEN Beiyang²(), Abdul Ghani RAZAQPUR¹^,³^,^*(), HUANG Jinhui¹^,^*()

1. a.College of Environmental Science and Engineering;b.Sino-Canadian Joint R&D Centre for Water and Environmental Safety,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China
2. Huadian Water Technology Company Limited,Beijing 100070,China
3. Department of Civil Engineering,McMaster University,Hamilton ON L8S 4L8,Canada

Received:2021-04-28 Revised:2021-09-09 Published:2021-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）因可赋予产品防油、防水、防污和防泥污、耐化学品性和耐高温性、降低表面摩擦、获得表面活性等特性,得到了广泛应用。研究表明,某些PFASs,如全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）,可持久地留存在人体中并对人体健康产生负面影响。通过收集整理多篇论文,归纳总结了PFASs的化学影响、作用和传递方式,介绍了PFASs的产生来源与基本性质、对人类健康与生态系统的影响,以及收集与处置措施。

关键词: 全氟和多氟烷基物质, 人体健康, 生态系统, 运输传递, 收集与处置

Abstract:

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） have been widely used for their excellent characteristics of oil resistance,water resistance,anti-fouling and anti-mud,chemical resistance,high-temperature resistance,friction-reducing ability and surface activity.Studies shows that certain PFASs,such as perfluorooctanoic acid（PFOA）and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid（PFOS）,can persistent in human bodies for a long time and cause negative effects on health.By collecting and sorting out different papers,the chemical effects,impacts and transferring methods of PFASs were summarized.The basic properties and generating sources,influences on human health and ecosystem and collection and disposal measurements of PFASs were introduced.

Key words: PFAS, human health, ecosystem, transfer, collection and treatment

中图分类号:

X503

陈绍良, 成红燕, 陈北洋, 阿卜杜勒·加尼·瑞泽普, 黄津辉. 全氟和多氟烷基物质对健康、生态的影响和处理技术展望[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2021, 43(12): 1-9.

CHEN Shaoliang, CHENG Hongyan, CHEN Beiyang, Abdul Ghani RAZAQPUR, HUANG Jinhui. Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on health and ecosystem and their treatment technology[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2021, 43(12): 1-9.

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项目	具体特性
物理状态	白色粉末（钾盐）
相对分子质量/(g·mol^-1)	500.126
沸点/℃	258~260
25 ℃下溶解度/(mg·L^-1)	680
25 ℃下蒸气气压/mPa	266.64
标化分配系数Koc	2.57
酸度系数pKa	<1.0

PFAS种类	年份
PFAS种类	1930s	1940s	1950s		1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s
PTFE	被发现	不黏涂料				防水面料
PFOS		初期生产	抗污防水		消防泡沫				美国颁布减少使用相关计划
PFOA		初期生产		防护性涂料
PFNA						初期生产	建筑用树脂
氟类调聚物						初期生产	消防泡沫		消防泡沫主要成分
主导处理方式		电解氟化（ECF)							氟聚调（短链ECF）
图表颜色说明	化学物质被发现前		早期的化学合成与生产				商业产品被引入与使用

PFOS/PFOA	EC50
PFOS/PFOA	Psetta maxima	Siriella armata	Paracentrotus lividus	Isochrysis galbana
PFOS	0.11	6.90	20.00	37.50
PFOA	11.90	15.50	110.00	163.60

质量比/ (mg·kg^-1)	玉米	燕麦	黑麦草	土豆	春小麦
0.00(控制组)	无	无	无	无	无
0.25	无	无	无	无	无
1.00	无	无	无	无	无
10.00	无	无	无	无	增长减弱
25.00	无	坏死	枯黄	坏死	增长减弱
50.00	无	坏死	枯黄	坏死且增长减弱	增长减弱

全氟和多氟烷基物质对健康、生态的影响和处理技术展望

Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on health and ecosystem and their treatment technology

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