网络攻击场景下含分布式光伏配电网的脆弱性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着网络技术的高速发展，大量智能量测终端和通信设备广泛接入电力系统，为网络攻击引入了新的入侵途径，加剧了电力系统对网络攻击的暴露风险。为保障电力系统的安全运行，评估网络攻击下含分布式光伏的配电系统的脆弱性，首先从攻击者的视角构建了针对分布式光伏的数据篡改攻击模型描述网络攻击具体形态；其次，在攻击场景下，求解配电系统光伏出力缺失状态下的电力潮流修正方程，基于潮流灵敏度提出节点脆弱度表征配电系统的脆弱性；最后，通过仿真验证了含分布式光伏配电网脆弱性与攻击影响程度的相关性以及与拓扑和时序的相关性。研究结果可为电力系统网络安全防御者在网络攻击威胁下精准制定防御方案，合理分配防御资源提供参考。

关键词: 网络攻击, 分布式光伏, 配电网, 脆弱性, 电压灵敏度

Abstract:

With the rapid development of network technologies， a large number of intelligent measurement terminals and communication devices are widely connected to power systems， introducing new intrusion paths for cyber attacks and intensifying the exposure risk of power systems to the attacks. To ensure the safe operation of power systems and evaluate the vulnerability of distribution systems with distributed photovoltaic under cyber attacks， a data tampering attack model for distributed photovoltaic is established from the perspective of attackers， describing the specific forms of cyber attacks. Then， in attack scenarios， the power flow correction equation for the distribution system suffering from photovoltaic load losses is solved， and the node vulnerability is proposed based on the sensitivity of power flow to characterize the vulnerability of the distribution system. Finally， the correlations between the vulnerability of a distribution network and the impact degree of an attack， the topology and time series are verified through a simulation test. The research results can provide references for power system cyber security defenders to accurately formulate defense plans and reasonably allocate defense resources under cyber attacks.

Key words: cyber attack, distributed photovoltaic, distribution network, vulnerability, voltage sensitivity

中图分类号:

TM744

李一诺, 刘玮, 魏兴慎, 王琦. 网络攻击场景下含分布式光伏配电网的脆弱性研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(5): 50-57.

LI Yinuo, LIU Wei, WEI Xingshen, WANG Qi. Research on vulnerability of distribution networks with distributed photovoltaic under cyber attacks[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(5): 50-57.

图/表 12

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

图7

图8

表2

表3

图9

参考文献 20

[1]	林峰, 梅勇, 朱益华, 等. 网络攻击对电力系统典型场景全过程影响综述[J]. 南方电网技术, 2023, 17(11):61-75.
	LIN Feng, MEI Yong, ZHU Yihua, et al. Overview of the entire process influence of cyber attack on typical scenarios of power systems[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2023, 17(11):61-75.
[2]	翁嘉明, 刘东, 安宇, 等. 馈线功率控制下的主动配电网信息物理风险演化分析[J]. 中国电力, 2021, 54(3):12-22.
	WENG Jiaming, LIU Dong, AN Yu, et al. Cyber-physical risk evolution analysis of active distribution network under feeder control error[J]. Electric Power, 2021, 54(3): 12-22.
[3]	魏杏, 阮绍炯, 曾小兰, 等. 分布式光伏接入对配电网电压质量的影响分析[J]. 电气开关, 2023, 61(3):94-97,102.
	WEI Xing, RUAN Shaojiong, ZENG Xiaolan, et al. Analysis of the influence of distributed photovoltaic access on voltage quality of the distribution network[J]. Electric Switchgear, 2023, 61(3):94-97,102.
[4]	WANG S L, DONG Q Q, ZHANG J H, et al. Robustness assessment of power network with renewable energy[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2023,217: 109138.
[5]	俞胜, 周霞, 沈希澄, 等. 考虑网络攻击影响的源网荷储系统风险评估[J/OL]. 综合智慧能源:1-9(2023-07-03)[2024-04-01]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/41.1461.TK.20230630.1651.008.html.
	YU Sheng, ZHOU Xia, SHEN Xicheng, et al. Risk analysis of the source-grid-load-storage system affected by the network attack[J/OL]. Integrated Intelligent Energy:1-9(2023-07-03)[2024-04-01]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/41.1461.TK.20230630.1651.008.html.
[6]	吴亦贝, 李俊娥, 陈汹, 等. 大规模可控负荷被恶意控制场景下配电网风险分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42(10):30-37.
	WU Yibei, LI Jun'e, CHEN Xiong, et al. Risk analysis of distribution network with large-scale controllable loads with attacks[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(10):30-37.
[7]	葛昊. 高比例分布式光伏接入配电网的影响[J]. 电子技术, 2023, 52(3):290-291.
	GE Hao. The impact of high proportional distributed photovoltaic access to distribution networks[J]. Electronic Technology, 2023, 52(3): 290-291.
[8]	夏卓群, 李文欢, 姜腊林, 等. 基于路径分析的电力CPS攻击预测方法[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 58(2):157-163.
	XIA Zhuoqun, LI Wenxin, JIANG Lalin, et al. Path analysis attack prediction method for electric power CPS[J] Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology), 2018, 58(2):157-163.
[9]	TEN C W, MANIMARAN G, LIU C C. Cybersecurity for critical infrastructures: Attack and defense modeling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans, 2010, 40(4):853-865.
[10]	ZHANG Y C, XIANGY Y M, WANG L F. Power system reliability assessment incorporating cyber attacks against wind farm energy management systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2016:1-15.
[11]	HUMAYED A, LIN J Q, LI F J, et al. Cyber-physical systems security survey—A Survey[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2017, 4(6):1802-1831.
[12]	安宇, 刘东, 陈飞, 等. 考虑信息攻击的配电网信息物理运行风险分析[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(7):2345-2352.
	AN Yu, LIU Dong, CHEN Fei, et al. Risk analysis of cyber physical distribution network operation considering cyber attack[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(7):2345-2352.
[13]	ROY S, PICO H N V. Transient stability and active protection of power systems with grid-forming PV power plants[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2022, 38(1): 897-911.
[14]	张鹏. 配电网信息物理系统脆弱性评估与网络攻击研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2021.
	ZHANG Peng. Vulnerability assessment and network attack research of information physical systems in distribution networks[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2021.
[15]	朱家炜. 配电网光伏系统储能优化配置及网络物理攻击研究[D]. 太原: 太原理工大学, 2020.
	ZHU Jiawei. Optimization of energy storage configuration and network physical attacks in photovoltaic systems in distribution networks[D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Technology, 2020.
[16]	叶飞, 钟晓静, 关前锋. 电力信息物理系统的网络攻击建模、演化规律及应对成本研究[J/OL]. 综合智慧能源:1-7(2023-04-21)[2024-04-01]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/41.1461.TK.20230420.1152.002.html.
	YE Fei, ZHONG Xiaojing, GUAN Qianfeng, et al. Research on network attack modeling, evolution and response cost of power cyber physical systems[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy:1-7(2023-04-21)[2024-04-01]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/41.1461.TK.20230420.1152.002.html.
[17]	王耀坤. 计及信息网络安全风险的配电网CPS故障处理仿真研究[D]. 北京: 中国电力科学研究院, 2020.
	WANG Yaokun. Simulation study on CPS fault handling in distribution networks considering information network security risks[D]. Beijing: China Electric Power Research Institute, 2020.
[18]	苏生平, 王光辉. 基于变电站的入侵防御网络安全评估模型[J]. 信息技术, 2021, 47(3):42-47,53.
	SU Shengping, WANG Guanghui. Network security evaluation model of intrusion prevention based on substation[J]. Information Technology, 2021, 47(3): 42-47,53.
[19]	陈力, 臧笑宇, 黄锋涛. 数据篡改攻击下配电网数据传输加密研究[J]. 信息技术, 2020, 44(6):56-59.
	CHEN Li, ZANG Xiaoyu, HUANG Fengtao, et al. Data transmission encryption of distribution network under data tampering attack[J]. Information Technology, 2020, 44(6):56-59.
[20]	周步祥, 闵昕玮, 臧天磊, 等. 负荷重分配攻击下电-气系统损失评估与脆弱性分析[J]. 工程科学与技术, 2023, 55(1):1-13.
	ZHOU Buxiang, MING Xinwei, ZANG Tianlei, et al. Loss assessment and vulnerability analysis of an integrated electricity natural gas system under load redistribution attack[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2023, 55(1):1-13.

节点	不同受攻击节点场景下脆弱度
节点	2号	14号	18号	25号	32号
1号	2.95	4.26	3.92	2.57	4.79
7号	1.99	0.86	1.57	2.42	1.68
19号	2.84	12.71	24.46	6.31	9.23
23号	3.33	5.65	6.91	3.98	1.52
26号	5.04	7.77	6.28	4.79	7.64
平均	3.23	6.25	8.63	4.01	4.97

时间	脆弱度/kV				总电压损失（标幺值）
时间	14号	18号	32号	平均	总电压损失（标幺值）
09:00	12.03	19.93	49.85	27.34	0.781
09:30	18.81	19.28	54.69	30.97	1.287
10:00	7.03	16.45	69.16	31.26	1.249
10:30	22.63	26.97	24.19	24.66	0.551
11:00	5.27	17.46	26.37	16.52	0.252
11:30	14.72	18.83	20.21	17.69	0.249
12:00	13.54	17.98	17.02	16.18	0.211

时间	对应的时间标度	光伏有功出力/MW
09:00	0.375	1.934
09:30	0.396	1.982
10:00	0.417	2.015
10:30	0.437	1.976
11:00	0.458	1.974
11:30	0.479	1.901
12:00	0.500	1.823