1 000 MW塔式炉燃烧系统建模及低氮高效燃烧策略研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔式炉由于炉膛高度高、燃烧器层数多，传统控制难以在锅炉宽负荷运行时，实现效率与NO_x排放的最佳匹配。为解决这一问题，基于Simulink软件建立了某1 000 MW塔式炉炉膛燃烧的一维动态模型并进行了稳态验证。通过分析锅炉在改变燃尽风（OFA）比例、过量空气系数及主燃区配风方式时的燃烧特性，制定了覆盖100%~40% 汽轮机热耗率验收（THA）工况范围的低氮高效燃烧策略。以10%THA为间隔，对比了燃烧优化前后锅炉在稳态工况下的NO_x质量浓度和未燃尽率。结果表明，优化后煤粉燃尽率最高提升了1.14%，NO_x质量浓度在高负荷（≥70%THA）工况下显著降低，最大降幅达到29 mg/m³。此外，计算显示优化后的锅炉平均综合经济收益增加了577元/h，显著提高了锅炉的经济效益，优化效果明显，为后续建立锅炉燃烧闭环控制系统提供了理论支撑和模型。

关键词: 燃烧优化, NO_x排放, 塔式锅炉, 超超临界锅炉, 一维燃烧模型, 低氮高效燃烧

Abstract:

Due to the high boiler height and multiple burner layers in tower boilers， traditional control methods struggle to achieve an optimal balance between efficiency and NO_x emissions across a wide load range. To address this issue， a one-dimensional dynamic combustion model of a 1 000 MW tower boiler was developed using Simulink software and validated under steady-state conditions. By analyzing the combustion characteristics under varying burnout air ratios， excess air coefficients， and air distribution modes in main combustion zones， a low-NO_x， high-efficiency combustion strategy was devised for loads ranging from 100% THA to 40% THA. At intervals of 10% THA， the NO_x concentration and unburned carbon rate of the boiler under steady-state conditions were compared before and after combustion optimization.Results showed that after optimization， the coal burnout rate improved by up to 1.14%， and NO_x concentrations significantly decreased at high loads （≥70% THA）， with a maximum reduction of 29 mg/m³. Additionally， the optimized boiler demonstrated an average overall economic gain of 577 yuan/hour， significantly enhancing its economic efficiency. This optimization provides a theoretical foundation and model for establishing a closed-loop combustion control system for boilers.

Key words: combustion optimization, NO_x emissions, tower boiler, ultra-supercritical boiler, one-dimensional combustion model, low-NO_x high-efficiency combustion

中图分类号:

TK123

丁旭, 付康康, 康博士, 李旭辉, 王进仕, 邱斌斌. 1 000 MW塔式炉燃烧系统建模及低氮高效燃烧策略研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(12): 36-44.

DING Xu, FU Kangkang, KANG Boshi, LI Xuhui, WANG Jinshi, QIU Binbin. Modeling of 1 000 MW tower boiler combustion system and study on low-NO_x high-efficiency combustion strategy[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(12): 36-44.

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名称	设计煤质	校核煤质
收到基碳/%	58.71	56.39
收到基氢/%	3.23	3.14
收到基氧/%	0.66	0.63
收到基氮/%	6.57	6.40
全硫/%	0.79	0.90
全水分/%	14.80	17.00
空气干燥基水分/%	2.53	2.45
收到基灰分/%	15.24	15.54
干燥无灰基挥发分/%	29.59	29.48
收到基低位发热量/（MJ·kg^-1）	22.50	21.50