Table of Content

25 December 2021, Volume 43 Issue 12

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Carbon Neutrality and Carbon Peaking System New Energy Technology Exchange

Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

Effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on health and ecosystem and their treatment technology

CHEN Shaoliang, CHENG Hongyan, CHEN Beiyang, Abdul Ghani RAZAQPUR, HUANG Jinhui

2021, 43(12):  1-9.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.001

Asbtract ( 311 )   HTML ( 15)   PDF (1583KB) ( 402 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） have been widely used for their excellent characteristics of oil resistance,water resistance,anti-fouling and anti-mud,chemical resistance,high-temperature resistance,friction-reducing ability and surface activity.Studies shows that certain PFASs,such as perfluorooctanoic acid（PFOA）and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid（PFOS）,can persistent in human bodies for a long time and cause negative effects on health.By collecting and sorting out different papers,the chemical effects,impacts and transferring methods of PFASs were summarized.The basic properties and generating sources,influences on human health and ecosystem and collection and disposal measurements of PFASs were introduced.

Research progress of wastewater processed by microalgae

CUI Yuanjie, ZHANG Hongbing, HE Heng, CHEN Tiejun, GUO Fan

2021, 43(12):  10-16.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.002

Asbtract ( 150 )   HTML ( 5)   PDF (1242KB) ( 321 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Nourishing heterotrophic microalgae by various nutrients in wastewater can remove nutrients and metal elements from wastewater,and produce biofuels,bioactive substances,feed additives and other beneficial ingredients at the same time.It is a biotechnological platform coupling wastewater purification and biomass production,which is both profitable and sustainable.However,different climatic conditions and wastewater composition have posed problems on the large-scale cultivation of microalgae.Recent domestic and international researches on microalgae culture by eutrophic wastewater described the influence of different wastewater characteristics on microalgae growth,and provided solutions for the nutrient deficiency,substrate inhibition,toxicity and co-existing microorganisms existing in microalgae culture in wastewater.

Study on the selection of sealants statically casted in PVDF hollow fiber membranes

WANG Xiande, ZHAO Xiaodan, ZHANG Bofeng, LIU Bin, ZHANG Mengling, XUN Hongmin, WANG Jianhua

2021, 43(12):  17-22.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.003

Asbtract ( 85 )   HTML ( 3)   PDF (2115KB) ( 263 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The selection approach of epoxy resin adhesives statically casted into PVDF hollow fiber membrane modules is studied.Based on small-scale screening of epoxy resin adhesives,the adhesive sample suitable for scale-up tests is preliminarily elected according to the sample viscosity,heating temperature during mixing,hardness after curing,operation time,etc.In the small-scale test,the time of epoxy resin casting into the membrane module,the temperature of resin after the scale-up test and other properties are tested. Finally,the formula and casting conditions of the epoxy resin are obtained and its resistances to high-temperature,acid,alkali and oxidation are tested.The test results show that the epoxy resin GRN-B can meet the requirements of scale-up production and the actual applications.

Analysis of in-situ municipal sludge resource utilization technology based on separation pretreatment

WANG Xueke, CHEN Beiyang, ZHOU Baowei, MU Tong, ZHANG Chunmiao, YANG Zaiwei, WANG Chengwen

2021, 43(12):  23-28.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.004

Asbtract ( 166 )   HTML ( 3)   PDF (1930KB) ( 248 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Sludge separation was added into pretreatment process of sewage treatment plants considering their operation status.Coupled with domestic mainstream sludge treatment technology,sludge separation can make up the existing shortcomings and realize the efficient and accurate resource utilization of sludge.Destroying the extracellular polymeric substance （EPS） in sludge can reduce the viscosity of sludge and separate organic matter,inorganic salts and sand out of sludge.After separation,the content of organic matter in sludge is more than 75%,and the calorific value is more than 12 MJ/kg.The treated sludge can be used as biomass fuel for self-sustaining combustion or sludge composting without adding auxiliary materials.And it can increase the biogas production in anaerobic fermentation to 96.0 mL/g,and lower the concentration of biogas slurry and the treatment difficulty.The separated aluminum and ferric salt are used as flocculants for chemical phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants.The phosphorus salt can be recycled as raw material of phosphorus fertilizer for landscaping.The sand component can be used as building material after dehydration and self oxidation drying.

Design and operation of the low-temperature flue gas evaporation-main flue duct drying system for desulfurization wastewater treatment in coal-fired power plants

JIN Yinjia, ZHENG Changle, WANG Qunkui, SONG Da

2021, 43(12):  29-35.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.005

Asbtract ( 180 )   HTML ( 5)   PDF (1020KB) ( 209 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evaporating and drying desulfurization wastewater by waste heat from low-temperature flue gas can realize zero liquid discharge of desulfurization wastewater, which is of advantages of simple structure, low investment and operation cost, and little maintenance work. The operation performance of a low-temperature flue gas evaporation-main flue duct drying system depends on wastewater characteristics, unit load, flue gas temperature, flue gas flow field and other factors,which should be optimized according to the actual operation condition. The low-temperature flue gas evaporation-main flue duct drying system of a 300 MW coal-fired unit was optimized according to its flue gas parameters and wastewater characteristics. The performance test results show that the flue gas evaporation and condensation system can process 10.44 m³/h wastewater; the concentrated water flow is 0.96 m³/h on average; and the main flue duct evaporation system can process 1.56 m³/h wastewater on average. The relative operation parameters meet the design requirement of the system.

Carbon Neutrality and Carbon Peaking System

Challenges and countermeasures of traditional thermal power under the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking

MA Shuangchen, YANG Pengwei, WANG Fangfang, FAN Shuaijun, ZHAO Guangjin, LI Qi, YUAN Wenxi, LU Rui, QIU Mingjie

2021, 43(12):  36-45.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.006

Asbtract ( 385 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (1627KB) ( 540 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

To achieve the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak,there are stern challenges confronted by power industry in its low-carbon transformation. Combing the goals and countermeasures taken by foreign countries and regions,the difficulties faced by traditional thermal power enterprises in renewable energy consumption and old unit decommissioning are analyzed. Combination traditional thermal power plants with energy storage technology can enhance their operation flexibility and stabilize the whole power system. Integrating traditional thermal power with chemical industry, CCUS and other new technologies can build a new thermal power industry chain. The transformation and development of traditional thermal power is related to national energy security and people's livelihood. Thus,in the rapid development of renewable energy, the obstacles of new energy consumption and energy storage should be overcome, and the role of thermal power as safeguard and base load is unignorable.

Research on the development path of new power system to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality

ZHANG Jinping, ZHOU Qiang, WANG Dingmei, LI Jin, LIU Lijuan, ZHANG Yanqi, WANG Sheng

2021, 43(12):  46-51.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.007

Asbtract ( 298 )   HTML ( 10)   PDF (1094KB) ( 597 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Building a clean,low-carbon,safe and efficient modern power system is an important way to energy transformation.To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,new energy has seen explosive growth and its large-scale grid-connecting have become unstoppable in China.The traditional fossil-based power system is shifting to a power system with high-proportion new energy.Combining the current status and prospects of new energy,the challenges in safe and stable operation,optimized scheduling and energy consumption of the new power system taking renewable energy as the main power source are analyzed.Then,the development paths of the new power system on power side,grid side and supply side are proposed to promote the widespread application of clean energy and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

Control and utilization of coal mine gas to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality

HU Xiaolan, SONG Wei, PENG Chuansheng, LI Bo, JIANG Lihong, XIAO Zhaohui, HONG Keyan

2021, 43(12):  52-59.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.008

Asbtract ( 225 )   HTML ( 7)   PDF (959KB) ( 537 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In view of the threats to the personal safety, increasing in coal-mining cost and harm to our environment caused by coal mine gas,redesigning the controlling and utilization measurements for coal mine gas on the path to realize carbon peaking and carbon neutrality can boost the production safely and efficiently and advance the transformation of coal industry.Base on literature research and cases study,the current measurements were found to include pre-drainage in planning areas,mechanical ventilation and gas drainage for the working face in production areas and mechanical extraction in the goaf.There are no general standard for the evaluation of the control effects or a unified development plan for coal mine gas.Coal mining enterprises lack the motivation for low-carbon control of coal mine gas,since their understanding on the comprehensive benefits brought by enhancing coal mine gas controlling is insufficient and their treatment technologies are underdeveloped.This situation is inconsistent with the requirements of the national strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.It is suggested that the coal mining enterprises should deploy a coal mine gas control and utilization strategy which conforms to the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,construct a digital information platform for coal mine gas control and utilization,implement technological innovation and talent introduction strategies, and design the purification and utilization process for the extracted methane in advanced,so as to formulate a new methane control mode including carbon emission reduction from the source,process control,divisional implement,terminal control and market development.

New Energy

Development status analysis and consideration on domestic distributed PV energy

ZHAN Tianjin, XIE Yurong

2021, 43(12):  60-65.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.009

Asbtract ( 277 )   HTML ( 24)   PDF (922KB) ( 354 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Distributed photovoltaic energy has become one of the important ways of photovoltaic energy development and utilization because of its abundant reserves,convenience in development,energy saving and environmental protection.It is developing rapidly in developed countries and some developing countries and has achieved certain large-scale applications. In order to promote the distributed photovoltaic industry in China,a series of supporting policies have been made. However,the market competitiveness and profitability of distributed photovoltaic projects are reducing.And the development of the projects is affected by the abolishment of subsidy policies,reduction of the general industrial and commercial electricity prices and the stabilization of construction costs.By analyzing the main influencing factors of the internal rate of return（IRR） of the projects,it is concluded that the IRR is sensitive to power generation,electricity price and investment cost,and less sensitive to interest rate and labor cost.The control measures targeted at different cost is proposed respectively.At the same time, based on the traditional development mode,a new development mode of distributed photovoltaic is proposed to boost the healthy development of distributed photovoltaic industry under the new situation.

Numerical study on the flow control of vortex generators on large wind turbine blades

ZHANG Jun, SU Yang, LI Yong, CONG Xingliang

2021, 43(12):  66-71.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.010

Asbtract ( 137 )   HTML ( 8)   PDF (1505KB) ( 316 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In the introduction on the modeling method of vortex generators（VGs）on wind turbine blades,computational fluid dynamics（CFD）method was adopted to carry out numerical studies on an S809 airfoil and the airfoil at the cross section with 30% relative thickness of the blade on a 1.5 MW wind turbine.The flow control effect of VGs was carried out and analyzed.The results indicate that VGs can delay the stall angle of attack（AOA）and improve the maximum lift coefficient for the S809 airfoil.At low AOAs,the VGs slightly increase the airfoil drag because of its own shape.Due to the separation delay,VGs reduce the airfoil drag with an increase in AOA.When AOA excess 17.21°,the separation point will move forward to the front 20%c of the airfoil where VGs have no effect of drag reduction. The blunt trailing edge and large thickness of the airfoil of the 1.5 MW wind turbine provide good stall and a more prominent effect of lift enhancement and drag reduction.This research is a valuable reference for the VGs flow control of wind turbine blades.

Technology Exchange

Analysis on operation regulation strategy for heat exchange stations based on building comprehensive physical property coefficients

ZHENG Gang, LI Jingang, LIU Yiting

2021, 43(12):  72-78.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.011

Asbtract ( 133 )   HTML ( 3)   PDF (1432KB) ( 275 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The operation regulation strategy of heating pipe networks and heat exchange stations in central heating systems is the key to optimize the operation of the whole system. Formulating a scientific, reasonable and simple regulation strategy for the system according to the thermal characteristics, indoor temperature and outdoor meteorological parameters of buildings is the research goal. According to the heat balance theory, heat dissipation of radiating equipment is approximately equal to the heat consumption by buildings, the comprehensive physical property coefficient of buildings （B_C） is defined. Based on the calculation results of B_C value of a heat exchange station, the concept of "compensation period" is proposed. Using the B_C, time lags and compensation period of the heating system, a heat network operation control strategy based on the B_C is proposed. The proposed regulation strategy for the intelligent heating system has been applied in two typical heat exchange stations in a cold area. The results show that replacing the conventional aimless operation regulation for heating systems by B_C-based operation regulation can improve the heating accuracy and energy-saving effect.

Study on the operation optimization of 350 MW supercritical pulverized coal-fired boiler firing 100％ Zhundong coal

LIU Yibin, LIU Xuankun, SONG Gang, YANG Xinhua, ZHANG Man, YANG Hairui

2021, 43(12):  79-84.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.12.012

Asbtract ( 153 )   HTML ( 4)   PDF (1491KB) ( 358 )  

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to alleviate the slagging and fouling on the heating surface of Zhundong coal in its pure combustion,the co-combustion of Zhundong coal and kaolin was tested in a 350 MW supercritical pulverized coal boiler for 397 days.All parameters of this test have met the requirements of stable operation of the boiler.A 120 h hot-state debugging can improve the operation state of the boiler taking co-combustion.The optimal oxygen content of the boiler under 310 MW working condition should be maintained between 2.8%~3.2%.The study points out that the five mills should be put into operation first during boiler high-load operation,and the distribution of the coal feed rates should be in pyramid shape,namely the coal feed rate of the upper-layer mill should be smaller and that of the lower-layer mill should be higher.Furthermore,comprehensively considering the NOx emission concentration,the opening of OFA throttles should be kept as small as possible and the distribution of the secondary air should be in pyramid shape as well.The co-combustion test and hot-state debugging make the Zhundong coal pure combustion feasible on the 350 MW supercritical boiler.