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    25 January 2022, Volume 44 Issue 1
    Consumption of High-Proportion Renewable Energy
    Strategies for relieving ramp pressure of thermal power units with high-proportion photovoltaic power connecting to the grid
    ZHANG Xingke, WEI Chaoyang, WANG Kangping, TIAN Hao, MIAO Pengfei, ZHOU Xia, WEI Cong
    2022, 44(1):  1-8.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.001
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    It is of great significance to study the strategy for relieving ramp pressure of thermal power units with high proportion photovoltaic power connecting to the grid for improving the level of photovoltaic power consumption and stabilizing the operation of thermal power units.Analyzing the security and stability of the grid with high-proportion photovoltaic power,a "source-grid-storage" coordination and optimization model for photovoltaic power,thermal power,DC modulation and energy storage system is constructed.The model makes full use of the time-shifting characteristics of energy storage systems and the fast response of DC modulation to consume grid connected photovoltaic power.The proposed model is simulated on an improved IEEE-24 bus system,and the simulation results verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.This strategy can effectively alleviate the ramp pressure of thermal power units,improve the photovoltaic capacity and ensure the safe and effective operation of the power grid with a reduced system operation cost.

    Research on electrochemical energy storage to assist new energy consumption and peak load regulation considering carbon penalty
    LAN Jing, ZHU Jizhong, LI Shenglin, SHI Puxin, GUO Wanshu, SHI Peiran, JIANG Changming
    2022, 44(1):  9-17.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.002
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    To achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, a new energy oriented power system has to take new energy consumption and stable power supply into consideration. To study the peak load shaving capacity of electrochemical energy storage technology, the concepts of carbon penalty for wind and solar power abandonment and peak shaving cost are proposed,and a multi-objective coordinated optimization model aiming at minimizing various cost is established. Based on the data released by a Belgian electricity system operator, simulation is made on the power system installed electrochemical energy storage devices of different capacities. The simulation results show that installing a 800 MW electrochemical energy storage device in the power system will lead to a 4.35% reduction in wind power curtailment ratio, a 17.76% reduction in solar power abandonment ratio and a 19.25% reduction in peak-to-valley difference. This system can consume local wind and solar power at the lowest cost of 43.61 million yuan.

    Data-driven unit commitment model incorporating the uncertainty of wind-PV-load
    SHI Libao, ZHAI Fang
    2022, 44(1):  18-25.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.003
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    The traditional probability distribution model mainly relies on the choice of model in uncertainty modelling, but the assumed single model often cannot accurately describe the complex variations of random quantities. In addition, the parametric probability model does not adequately describe the temporal and spatial correlations between random variables, while the correlation modelling methods like Copula functions are too complicated in describing the correlations of multiple random variables, which adds difficulty to the practical applications of the model. Taking a data-driven uncertainty modelling method, a data-driven two-stage unit commitment model is proposed. The non-parametric Dirichlet process Gaussian mixture model (DPGMM) and the variational Bayesian inference (VBI) method are used to describe the uncertainty of wind power, photovoltaics and load. Taking the correlations between multiple wind farms and the load of each node into consideration, the traditional mathematical optimization method is applied to solve the established unit commitment model. Finally, the simulation verification is carried out on the IEEE-30 node test system. The results show that the DPGMM model can fit the probability distribution of random quantities and describe the correlation between them.

    Research on economic benefits of joint operation of wind farms and concentrating solar power plants
    PAN Li, DU Ershun, WANG Jianxiao, LI Gengyin
    2022, 44(1):  26-30.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.004
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    Wind power and concentrating solar power (CSP) are widely used to generate electricity in most industrialized countries.Though there are problems such as instability and fluctuation in wind power generation,the thermal energy storage capacity of CSP system can effectively reduce the uncertainty in wind power generation.Thus, a model for the joint operation of wind power and CSP systems is proposed.The joint operation strategy is formulated as a two-stage stochastic optimization model, aimed at maximizing the day-ahead market revenue in the case of real-time imbalance settlement.In order to intuitively understand the economic benefits of the model to power grid,the models of wind power and CSP under stand-alone operation and joint operation are presented.The total revenues under the two operation modes are evaluated by conducting comparative studies.Case studies show that the joint operation of wind power and CSP can effectively alleviate the real-time imbalance and obviously boost their revenues.

    Optimal capacity configuration for multi-station integration considering multiple uncertainties
    LU Xiaomin, ZHANG Ming, DENG Xing, WANG Liwei, TAO Yibin, HU Anping
    2022, 44(1):  31-38.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.005
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    The uncertainties in renewable energies,such as solar energy and wind power,and load demands make multi-station integration changeable.In order to effectively boost the economy of multi-station integration,on the premise of reliable power supply and new energy consumption of the power system, an optimal capacity configuration method for multi-station integration which takes levelized energy cost as the optimization objective is proposed.To solve the optimal capacity configuration considering multiple uncertainties,Lévy flight is introduced into it on the basis of quantum-inspired gravitational search algorithm to improve the search ability,and the random parameters are generated by Monte Carlo simulation.Taking a multi-station integration project as an example,the simulation analysis is compared with the traditional particle swarm algorithm and unimproved quantum-inspired gravitational search algorithm.The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy and stability of the solution for capacity allocation problem,and can effectively reduce the power consumption cost of multi-station integration.

    Optimized Operation and Control of Integrated Energy Systems
    Research on optimal operation of the regional integrated energy system with water-source heat pumps
    XU Hengzhi, ZHOU Bowen, LI Guangdi, HUA Guanghui, KONG Xiangmiao
    2022, 44(1):  39-48.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.006
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    Regional integrated energy systems usually follow the "determining power by heating load" energy-supply principal in winter, resulting in the low load-regulation ability and low renewable energy consumption rate. Water source heat pump units are introduced into areas with abundant water sources to realize thermo-electric decoupling. Combining electric refrigeration devices, absorption refrigeration devices and multi-energy storage devices,a regional integrated energy system with water-source heat pumps is proposed. The overall architecture of this system is constructed by coupling the operation modes of different equipment. To achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, a low-carbon optimized operation model is proposed on the premise of considering the operation costs and carbon emission costs. Through simulation, the effects of the optimal operation strategy on the operation costs of the integrated energy system at all aspects are studied, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed model and strategy.

    Application of edge computing in integrated energy system operation control
    YANG Dongmei, HE Guoxin, ZHU Jinda, WANG Qi, GENG Jian, WANG Jun, LI Ning
    2022, 44(1):  49-55.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.007
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    With the development of new technologies, e.g., big data, cloud computing, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, and artificial intelligence, integrated energy services are expected to witness its connotation expansion. Integrated energy systems entail services and management for large-scale targets, processing massive data, as well as high demands on privacy and security, which has push conventional centralized cloud computing architecture beyond its application scope. Distributed edge computing blazes a new trail for solving this predicament. The difficulties and challenges encountered by the integrated energy system in its operation and control are analyzed,considering the actual business requirements. Based on the Internet of Things, a layered collaborative control architecture for the system is built, which consists of a perceptive layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer. The feasibility and value of edge computing technologies applied in the four layers are investigated. Furthermore, taking industrial parks as examples, a multilateral collaborative operation and control model for regional integrated energy systems is proposed and its solving methodology is given as well. Finally, the application prospects of edge computing technologies in integrated energy services are made.

    Operation optimization of dual-source distributed energy supply systems based on two-level strategy
    YAO Zhehao, ZHENG Puyan, YUAN Yanzhou
    2022, 44(1):  56-62.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.008
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    The existing economic optimization strategy for distributed energy supply systems does not well balance the economic benefits and equipment operation stability.Accordingly,the operation optimization for dual-source distributed energy supply systems taking two-level strategy is proposed.Based on user-side operational data,average load of each period is predicted and the first level total load optimization is carried out.Then,to ensure the profitability of the optimization scheme,the second level incremental optimization is made by taking the average load as the benchmark of load variation,keeping the scheduling process of equipment adjusting with the load that varies between different periods relatively stable.During daily operation times,the system prefers the first level total load optimization scheme.And on this basis,the incremental optimization scheme will be carried out according to the difference between the reference value and hourly value of load.The total revenue of a typical day is obtained by revenue accumulation.The operation feasibility and system economy of the total load optimization,the incremental optimization and the two-level strategy are compared based on the simulation results carried out by Ebsilon engineering software.The results show that the two-level strategy is of reference value on optimizing system economy and operation stability.

    Energy storage technologies and their applications in multi-energy complementary power system
    JIANG Wenkun, HAN Yinghui, XUE Zhiwen, ZHU Yongqi, XU Yanmei
    2022, 44(1):  63-71.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.009
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    Comprehensive development and utilization of new and renewable energy sources is an important way to achieve green and sustainable development of energy worldwide.Multi-energy complementary power system is one of the main modes of the development of energy for its coordinated optimization,stable operation,effective energy-saving,flexible function and environment protection.Energy storage technology plays a vital role in multi-energy complementary power system. The principles of various energy storage technologies applied in multi-energy complementary system are summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are discussed.The purpose of the analysis is to provide reference for the better application of energy storage technologies in multi-energy complementary system.

    Practical Cases
    Case study on the integrated energy service project with newly installed heat pumps
    YU Li, XU Jingjing, MA Lanfang, WANG Youtian
    2022, 44(1):  72-79.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.010
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    As the core factor affecting the energy-saving economy of an integrated energy service project,studying the configuration of a multi-energy complementary energy system is a crucial task in integrated energy services.The multi-energy complementary system is an extension of traditional distributed energy applications.It is a "regional energy internet" system that accommodates multiple energy resources,various outputs and transportation forms.The multi-energy complementary energy system can make an operation strategy based on user's cooling,heating and power demand,load characteristics and price of different energy.The strategy should fully consider the efficiency of a single unit and make a reasonable configuration that balances economic and environmental benefits.Taking a natural gas distributed energy system of an industrial park in northern China as an example,the operation mode,comprehensive energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits of the energy system is analyzed intensively by collecting and studying the data of cold,hot and electric loads of the park in the past three years.The analysis results demonstrates the necessity and economy of configuring air source heat pumps and flue gas waste heat recovery heat pumps in multi-energy complementary energy systems,which can provide a reference for the following regional multi-energy complementary energy systems.

    Ratio restraint protection for high impedance grounding faults in low resistance grounding system based on harmonic algorithm
    NI Jiang, SUN Xinwei, XIONG Xiaoman, REN Hao, YANG Yuxuan
    2022, 44(1):  80-86.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.01.011
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    The power system with neutral grounding via low resistance is prone to high impedance grounding faults (HIFs) which are difficult to be detected by traditional over-current protection devices due to the limited fault current values. The existing HIF detection algorithms are limited by complex fault characteristics. Analysing the characteristics of HIF current, zero‐sequence current is of harmonic characteristics and proportional to neutral point zero‐sequence current. Accordingly, the zero‐sequence current ratio restraint protection based on harmonic algorithm is proposed. The principle of the algorithm is that the setting value adaptively adjusts with zero-sequence current and the third harmonic of line zero-sequence current. A HIF model is established based on the adjusted protection criteria and setting values. Taking a typical low resistance grounding system as an example, various algorithms are simulated and compared. Simulation results verify the reliability and sensitivity of the zero‐sequence current ratio restraint protection based on harmonic algorithm.