燃煤机组深度调峰瓶颈改善及耦合调峰技术研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.04.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着“双碳”目标下以新能源为主体新型电力系统的加速构建,燃煤机组深度调峰低负荷运行将成为常态,在40%连续经济出力（ECR）工况下,不存在限制机组稳定运行的制约因素,但在向30%ECR乃至更低负荷调峰时,诸多制约因素不应被忽视。提供多种从机组本体角度可有效改善制约因素的技术手段和改造方向及耦合多形态储能,耦合碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）,多能耦合调节等新型耦合调峰技术。结果表明,通过有效技术手段及改造可极大程度改善机组调峰性能,并可拓展超（超）临界锅炉干态区间达6%以上额定负荷,但仅靠自身已很难满足机组继续下调峰的需求,耦合调峰是未来火电机组进一步增强调峰能力的重要技术手段,且在技术上是可行的。

关键词: 深度调峰, 制约瓶颈, 燃煤机组, 耦合调峰, 额定负荷, 碳中和, 储能, CCUS, 新型电力系统

Abstract:

With the development of the new-energy-oriented power system to pursue carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,low-load operation and participation in deep load regulation has become the ordinary state for coal-fired units.Though there is no constraint on the stable operation of the units running at 40%ECR,the constraints for those units at 30%ECR or a lower load should not be ignored.Many technical approaches and transformation are taken to alleviate the intrinsic constraints of the units,and new peak shaving technologies such as those integrated multi-form energy storage,CCUS and multi-energy coupling regulation are proposed.The results show that efficient technical approaches and transformation can improve the peak load regulating performance of units,and raise the dry-wet state transition point of an ultra-super critical boiler by over 6% rated load.Since it is hard to meet the demand of further peak shaving by exploring the potential in a coal-fired unit,comprehensive peak shaving technologies is feasible and crucial in further peak shaving regulation.

Key words: deep peak regulation, constraint, coal-fired unit, comprehensive peak shaving, rated load, carbon neutrality, energy storage, CCUS, new power system

中图分类号:

TK227.1

童家麟, 吴瑞康, 茅建波, 吕洪坤. 燃煤机组深度调峰瓶颈改善及耦合调峰技术研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(4): 43-50.

TONG Jialin, WU Ruikang, MAO Jianbo, LYU Hongkun. Improvement of deep peak regulation and comprehensive peak shaving technologies for coal-fired units[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(4): 43-50.

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机组类型	额定过热蒸汽温度	实际过热蒸汽温度	偏差	额定再热蒸汽温度	实际再热蒸汽温度	偏差
超超临界1 000 MW	605	597	8	603	586	17
超超临界660 MW	605	582	23	613	596	17
超临界600 MW	571	563	8	569	563	6
超临界350 MW	571	558	13	569	555	14
亚临界600 MW	538	510	28	538	500	38
亚临界300 MW	541	538	3	541	523	18

机组类型	实际值	保证值	裕量值
超超临界1 000 MW	330	300	30
超超临界660 MW	325	305	20
超临界600 MW	340	300	40
超临界350 MW	300	291	9
亚临界600 MW	345	305	40
亚临界300 MW	330	300	30

项目	分级省煤器		省煤器烟气旁路		^#0高压加热器
项目	40%ECR	30%ECR	40%ECR	30%ECR	40%ECR	30%ECR
SCR入口烟气温度/℃	304~310	304~308	311~318	302~308	326~332	321~325
空气预热器入口烟气温度/℃	287~291	285~288	304~308	298~303	325~327	313~317
SCR入口烟气NO_x质量浓度/（mg·m^-3）	138.0~196.0	261.0~293.0	437.0~439.0	487.0~500.0	284.0~352.0	361.0~441.0
SCR出口烟气NO_x质量浓度/（mg·m^-3）	13.6~35.5	14.8~20.0	36.1~46.2	40.6~45.4	19.2~23.8	46.2~52.1
技术特点	调节不灵活,需兼顾高低负荷		调节灵活,防挡板卡涩		调节不灵活,需兼顾高低负荷
影响锅炉效率	不影响		影响		影响