面向碳中和的新型电力系统氢储能调峰技术研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国经济发展地域性差别较大,西部地区资源丰富,但经济不如东部地区,所产生的可再生能源不能完全就地消耗,需远距离外输。利用可再生能源发电是能源转化的方式之一,受季节和天气影响波动较大,所以可再生能源发电的电量难以准确预测,电网系统急需利用相应的储能技术和设施进行调峰,既可降低可再生能源的浪费,又可对电网系统进行调峰。利用氢、氨等化学能源与电力相互转化,从而使电力系统平稳运行达到储能调峰的目的。在电力充足时,剩余电力利用水电解制氢技术和合成氨技术储存,如果输出不足,储存的能量通过燃料电池和氢气发电返回输电网络。在碳中和、碳达峰背景下,阐述了新型电力系统中用于储能的氢和氨合成、利用相关技术,论述了氨用于运输、燃烧和燃料电池的优势及原理,得出氢、氨等资源在新型电力储能调峰系统中的高效、环保、经济性及新型电力系统的实用性。

关键词: 碳中和, 新型电力系统, 氢储能, 调峰, 绿氢, 绿氨, 氨燃烧, 可再生能源, 电解水制氢, 燃料电池

Abstract:

Economic development varies significantly in different regions of China.The resources reserves in western China superior to that in eastern China,but the economic situation is just the opposite.Renewable energy in the west cannot be totally consumed locally,and has to be transmitted to the east.Power generation is a common application way of renewable energy,but the operation is greatly affected by seasons and weather.Therefore,it is difficult to accurately predict the amount of electricity generated by renewable energy.The power grid system needs corresponding energy storage technologies and facilities to realize peak regulation,so as to reduce the waste of renewable energy and perform peak regulation.The mutual conversion between electricity and chemical energy of hydrogen and ammonia can achieve the purpose of energy storage and peak regulation.When the electricity is sufficient,the surplus electricity is stored by hydrogen production from water electrolysis and ammonia synthesis technology.On the contrary,the stored energy will be transmitted to the power grid from fuel cells and hydrogen power station when the power supply is insufficient.To achieve the "dual carbon" target,the ammonia synthesis and hydrogen storage technologies applied in the new power system are expounded,and the advantages of fuel cells and principles of ammonia transportation and combustion are discussed.Hydrogen and ammonia are proven to be practical,efficient,economic and environmental for the peak regulation of the new power system.

Key words: carbon neutrality, new power system, hydrogen storage, peak shaving, green hydrogen, green ammonia, ammonia combustion, renewable energy, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, fuel cell

中图分类号:

TK116.2：TQ113

韩世旺, 赵颖, 张兴宇, 玄承博, 赵田田, 侯绪凯, 刘倩倩. 面向碳中和的新型电力系统氢储能调峰技术研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(9): 20-26.

HAN Shiwang, ZHAO Ying, ZHANG Xingyu, XUAN Chengbo, ZHAO Tiantian, HOU Xukai, LIU Qianqian. Researches on hydrogen storage peak-shaving technology for new power systems to achieve carbon neutrality[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(9): 20-26.

图/表 3

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名称	爆炸极限/％	闪点/℃	着火点/℃
氨	16.0~25.0	132	651
氢	4.0~74.0	-157	530
甲烷	5.0~15.0	-188	537
汽油	1.4~7.6	-40	300