一种基于变压器的多路径均衡拓扑结构研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.04.009

综合智慧能源 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 68-77.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.04.009

一种基于变压器的多路径均衡拓扑结构研究

陈洋¹(), 翁伟杰¹^,², 黄江东¹^,², 邹涛¹, 姜伟²^,^*()

1.广州大学机械与电气工程学院，广州 510006
2.广州海关技术中心汽车与装备研究所，广州 510623

收稿日期:2024-01-21 修回日期:2024-03-21 出版日期:2024-04-25
通讯作者: *姜伟（1988），男，高级工程师，博士，从事海关系统内电池系统、电池控制系统、电池材料等检测评价等方面的研究，jiangw@iqtcnet.cn。
作者简介:陈洋（1988），女，讲师，博士，从事电池管理系统研究、高频开关电源设计、电力电子电路设计等方面的研究，zdchenyang@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0607201);国家自然科学基金项目(52171331);国家自然科学基金项目(51907082);广州市科技计划项目(2023A03J0646);广州市科技计划项目(2023A03J0120);广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J1013);海关总署课题(2022HK062)

Research on multi-path balancing topology based on transformers

CHEN Yang¹(), WENG Weijie¹^,², HUANG Jiangdong¹^,², ZOU Tao¹, JIANG Wei²^,^*()

1. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Guangzhou University，Guangzhou 510006，China
2. Institute of Automobile and Equipment Research，Guangzhou Customs Technology Centre，Guangzhou 510623，China

Received:2024-01-21 Revised:2024-03-21 Published:2024-04-25
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF0607201);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52171331);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51907082);Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(2023A03J0646);Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(2023A03J0120);Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(2023A04J1013);General Administration of Customs Subjects(2022HK062)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着储能系统电压、功率等级不断提升，串联电池组电池数量增加，电池组之间失衡情况愈加复杂。为此，提出了一种基于变压器的多路径串联电池组直接均衡拓扑结构。该拓扑结构以变压器作为能量转移载体，能够在Buck-Boost和反激模式切换工作，通过控制低导通双向开关阵列，实现任意电池单元之间的均衡。该拓扑结构具有多种均衡模式、灵活的均衡路径和更快的均衡速度。为了实现有效的能量分配，提高均衡效率，设计了一种以荷电状态（SOC）为均衡指标的模糊控制策略。最后，在不同工况下通过一系列仿真试验验证了所提拓扑结构及其控制策略的有效性。结果显示，所提均衡拓扑及控制策略对于改善电池组内单体不一致问题具备良好效能；对于改善电池组单体间容量差异、提高储能系统容量利用率和延长电池组使用寿命等具有重要意义。

关键词: 有源均衡, 均衡拓扑, 变压器, 模糊控制, 多能量传输路径

Abstract:

With the upgrade of the voltage level and power level of energy storage systems，the number of cells in a series-connected battery pack increases，making the imbalance between battery packs more complex. Therefore，a transformer-based direct equalization topology for multi-path series-connected battery packs is proposed. The topology，which uses a transformer as the energy transfer carrier，is able to switch between Buck-Boost mode and flyback mode. By controlling a low-conduction bi-directional switching array， the topology structure can achieve equalization between any battery cells. This topology is of multiple equalization modes，flexible equalization paths and fast equalization speed. In order to distribute energy effectively and achieve equalization efficiently，a fuzzy control strategy with State of Charge（SOC）as its equalization index is designed. Finally，a series of simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology and its control strategy under different working conditions. The results show that the proposed balancing topology and control strategy have good effects in overcoming the inconsistency between single cells in a battery pack. This study is of great significance for improving the capacity difference between the battery cells， the capacity utilization rate of the energy storage system and the service life of the battery pack.

Key words: active balancing, balancing topology, transformer, fuzzy control, multi-path of energy transmission

中图分类号:

TM912

陈洋, 翁伟杰, 黄江东, 邹涛, 姜伟. 一种基于变压器的多路径均衡拓扑结构研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(4): 68-77.

CHEN Yang, WENG Weijie, HUANG Jiangdong, ZOU Tao, JIANG Wei. Research on multi-path balancing topology based on transformers[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(4): 68-77.

图/表 18

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

模糊规则库

$Δ S O C$ $i e q$ $S - O C$	SS	S	M	B	BB
SS	SS	SS	S	M	B
S	SS	S	M	B	BB
M	S	M	B	BB	BB
B	S	M	B	BB	BB
BB	SS	S	M	B	BB

表1

图6

图7

表2

表3

图8

表4

图9

图10

图11

图12

表5

表6

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参数	值
电池容量/（A·h）	1.5
电池标定电压/V	3.7
变压器变比	1∶1
励磁电感/μH	150
开关频率/kHz	20
充电电流/A	0.5
放电电流/A	0.5
仿真步长/s	5e^-7

均衡模式	初始值
均衡模式	S_OC1	S_OC2	S_OC3	S_OC4
单体对单体	90.00	88.60	88.61	88.00
单体对单体组	90.00	88.55	88.57	88.59
单体组对单体	90.00	90.02	90.04	86.00
单体组对单体组	90.00	90.02	88.25	88.23

均衡模式	均衡对象	占空比	平均均衡电流/A	均衡时间/s	均衡效率/%
单体对单体	B₁—B₄	0.558 3	0.322	224	90.69
单体对单体组	B₁—B₂B₃B₄	0.785 8	0.677	128	89.52
单体组对单体	B₁B₂B₃—B₄	0.315 4	0.699	319	88.91
单体组对单体组	B₁B₂—B₃B₄	0.596 8	0.829	118	90.47

方法	工作状态	均衡后平均S_OC/%	均衡时间/s
均值差值法	静置	80.11	1 069.22
	充电	90.05	1 102.53
	放电	71.06	1 097.36
模糊控制策略	静置	80.25	509.25
	充电	84.93	525.10
	放电	75.98	451.64

均衡拓扑	电容型	变压器型	传统电感型	单电感型	改进变压器型
开关数量	多	少	较少	多	较多
均衡路径	单体对单体	单体与电池组	灵活多样	灵活多样	灵活多样
控制难度	容易	容易	复杂	复杂	复杂
均衡速度	慢	快	中等	快	快
均衡效率	低	中等	中等	较高	高

一种基于变压器的多路径均衡拓扑结构研究

Research on multi-path balancing topology based on transformers

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