综合智慧能源 ›› 2024, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 63-73.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.07.008

• 储能技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

梯次利用动力电池储能系统综合效益分析

黄晓凡1(), 李佳瑞1, 刘晖2, 汤效平1, 王兹尧1, 王彤1   

  1. 1.华电电力科学研究院有限公司, 杭州 310030
    2.华电煤业集团有限公司,北京 100035
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-18 修回日期:2024-04-18 出版日期:2024-07-25
  • 作者简介:黄晓凡(1983),男,正高级工程师,硕士,从事电化学储能技术研究,huangxiaofan1983@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国华电集团科技项目(CHDKJ21-01-103)

Comprehensive benefit analysis on the cascade utilization of a power battery system

HUANG Xiaofan1(), LI Jiarui1, LIU Hui2, TANG Xiaoping1, WANG Ziyao1, WANG Tong1   

  1. 1. Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Company Limited, Hangzhou 310030, China
    2. Huadian Coal Industry Group Company Limited, Beijing 100035,China
  • Received:2024-03-18 Revised:2024-04-18 Published:2024-07-25
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Project of China Huadian Corporation(CHDKJ21-01-103)

摘要:

随着清洁能源的发展,新能源汽车逐步进入市场。作为新能源汽车的能量储存设备和重要的组成部分,动力电池的性能会随着使用时间的延长和使用条件的变化逐渐下降直至退役。退役后的动力电池可以应用于其他领域,以提高其全生命周期价值。建立梯次利用动力电池储能系统的生命周期评价(LCA)模型和全生命周期成本(LCC)模型。采用LCA法对磷酸铁锂电池从生产到回收5个阶段的环境影响进行计算,分析了4个场景下的全球变暖潜值(GWP)、细颗粒物形成(FPMF)、酸化潜值(TA)、海洋富营养化潜值(MEP)和化石资源稀缺值(FRS),并对能耗、充放电效率等参数进行了敏感性分析。LCC法通过计算系统的净现值(NPV)和平准化度电成本(LCOE)进行分析,对影响LCOE的参数如储能效率、放电深度等进行了敏感性分析。结果表明:退役电池应用于风电储能、采用湿法回收具有最佳的社会效益,其GWP仅为194;系统的NPV为-4 206.6万元,当电站使用寿命为15年时,LCOE为2.44 元/(kW·h)。定量分析和优化梯次利用动力电池储能系统的社会效益和经济效益对我国资源综合利用、环境保护均具有重要意义。

关键词: 清洁能源, 动力电池, 梯次利用, 生命周期评价, 经济效益分析, 全球变暖潜值, 平准化度电成本, 新能源汽车

Abstract:

With the development of clean energy, new energy vehicles gradually entered the market. As an energy storage device and an important component of a new energy vehicle, the power battery will see its performance degradation with the extension of time and changes in working conditions until its decommissioning. The retired power battery can be applied to other fields to improve its full-life cycle value. A life-cycle assessment(LCA) model and a life-cycle cost(LCC) model for the cascade utilization of a power battery system are developed. The environmental impacts of a pack of lithium iron phosphate batteries' five stages from production to recycling on global warming potential (GWP) are calculated by the LCA. The GWP, fine particulate matter formation (FPMF), terrestrial acidification (TA), marine eutrophication (MEP)and fossil resource scarcity (FRS) of the battery system under four scenarios are analyzed, and sensitivity analyses on parameters such as energy consumption and charging and discharging efficiency are conducted. LCC assessment analyses the net present value (NPV) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the battery system, and sensitivity analyses are performed on parameters that affected LCOE, such as energy storage efficiency and discharge depth. The results show that retired batteries processed by wet recycling applied to wind energy storage have favorable social benefits, leading to a smallest GWP of 194. The NPV and LCOE of the system with a 15-year service time are -42.066 million yuan, 2.44 yuan/(kW·h), respectively. Making quantitative analyses on the social and economic benefits of the cascade utilization of power battery energy storage systems is of great significance for comprehensive utilization of resources and environmental protection in China.

Key words: clean energy, power battery, cascade utilization, life-cycle assessment, life-cycle cost, global warming potential, levelized cost of electricity, new energy vehicle

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