考虑储能运营商的工业企业综合能源系统运行优化和利益分配研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工业企业综合能源系统的顺利推动和实际落地需要各利益相关方的协同合作。面向工业企业用户构建了考虑储能运营商参与投资运营的综合能源系统，以成本共摊、利益共享、风险共担、合作共赢为基本立足点，探讨能源系统最优运行策略、协同效益量化评估和合理分配问题。考虑电力负荷需求响应，建立耦合储能的综合能源系统运行优化数学模型；构建涵盖直接经济效益和间接社会效益的三级评价指标体系。在此基础上，采用货币化价值等效法，对协同效益进行量化评估，并基于成本效益法实现多利益主体间的公平分配。案例分析结果表明：本研究所提出的数学优化模型和利益分配机制合理有效，系统整体和各利益相关者B/C均≥1。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 储能运营商, 运行优化, 利益分配

Abstract:

The successful promotion and practical implementation of integrated energy systems in industrial enterprises require collaborative efforts among all stakeholders.Focused on industrial enterprises，an integrated energy system was developed incorporating investment and operation participation from energy storage operators.Based on the principles of cost-sharing，benefit-sharing，risk-sharing and win-win cooperation，the optimal operation strategies of the energy system，the quantification of collaborative benefits，and fair benefit distribution were explored.Considering demand response of power loads，a mathematical optimization model was established for the operation of an integrated energy system coupled with energy storage.A three-level evaluation index system was then developed，covering both direct economic benefits and indirect social benefits.On this basis，the monetization value equivalence method was applied to quantify collaborative benefits， and the cost-benefit method was used to ensure fair benefit distribution among multiple stakeholders.Case study results showed that the proposed mathematical optimization model and benefit distribution mechanism were reasonable and effective，with the B/C values exceeding 1 for both the overall system and individual stakeholders.

Key words: integrated energy system, energy storage operator, operation optimization, benefit distribution

中图分类号:

TK01：TM73

郝宁, 张天博, 蒋励. 考虑储能运营商的工业企业综合能源系统运行优化和利益分配研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(4): 85-97.

HAO Ning, ZHANG Tianbo, JIANG Li. Research on operation optimization and benefit distribution of integrated energy systems for industrial enterprises with inclusion of energy storage operators[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(4): 85-97.

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标
直接效益	直接经济效益	能源费用削减效益
间接效益	环境效益	碳减排效益
	环境效益	绿色能源渗透效益
	区域经济波及效益	设备投资波及效益
	区域经济波及效益	房地产增值效益
	风险规避效益	能源供给中断损失规避效益
	普及启发效益	低碳环保理念普及启发效益
	普及启发效益	先进技术理念广告宣传效益
	舒适度提升效益	健康水平提升效益

间接效益分类		货币化评估法	货币价值换算关键因素
环境效益	碳减排效益	市场价值法^[24-26]	碳排放因子	碳交易价格	碳减排量
环境效益	绿色能源渗透效益	市场价值法^[24-26]	绿证个数	绿证交易价格
区域经济波及效益	设备投资波及效益	波及效益理论法^[27-28]	投资增加额度（产业关联分析）	附加价值率
	房地产增值效益（对住宅建筑）	替代市场法^[29]	对象建筑面积	房地产市场价格	潜在增长率
	房地产增值效益（对商业建筑）	替代市场法^[29]	对象建筑面积	房地产市场价格	潜在增长率
风险规避效益	能源供给中断规避效益	替代市场法	系统运行中断时间	损失负荷的单位时间价值	发生概率
普及启发效益	低碳环保理念普及启发效益	条件价值法（CVM）^[30]	教育对象人数	参观人均费用	参观次数
	先进节能技术广告宣传效益	条件价值法（CVM）^[30]	广告费用	广告宣传效果系数	广告数
	健康水平提升效益	疾病成本法^[31-32]	健康提升效益	影响人数	影响概率

设备	参数	数值
燃气轮机	发电效率/%	40
	热回收效率/%	46
	使用年限/a	25
光伏电池	发电效率/%	16
光伏电池	使用年限/a	25
电锅炉	效率/%	98
电锅炉	使用年限/a	25
燃气锅炉	效率/%	90
燃气锅炉	使用年限/a	25
蓄电池	充电效率/%	95
	放电效率/%	95
	使用年限/a	10
蓄热罐	蓄热效率/%	90
	放热效率/%	90
	使用年限/a	25

设备	容量	投资成本	运维成本/ [元·（kW·h）^-1]
燃气轮机	1 500 kW	8 000 元/kW	0.207 9
燃气锅炉	1 400 kW	800 元/kW	0.080 0
光伏设备	3 200 kW	4 300 元/kW	0.060 0
电锅炉	500 kW	1 000 元/kW	0.040 0
蓄电池	1 500 kW·h	1 000 元/(kW·h）	0.029 0
蓄热罐	1 000 kW·h	35 元/(kW·h）	0.005 4

参数	数值
CO₂市场价格/（元·t^-1）	120
绿色证书市场交易价格/（元·张^-1）	50
粗附加价值率/%	50
波及效应持续时间/a	20
房价增长率/%	0.5
增值效果持续时间/a	20
单位能源供给中断损失额/[元·(kW·h)^-1]	184
能源供给中断时间/（h·次^-1）	72
能源供给中断发生率/（次·a^-1）	0.022
启发教育单位成本/（元·人^-1）	198
影响系数	0.3
广告宣传费用/（元·a^-1）	50（PV）/60（CHP）
广告宣传效果系数/%	2
平均医疗费用/（元·a^-1）	4 822
发生概率/%	1
影响人数	2 000
平均缺勤工资/（元·d^-1）	577