氨基固体氧化物燃料电池的研究进展与机遇

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.10.002

综合智慧能源 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 10-25.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.10.002

氨基固体氧化物燃料电池的研究进展与机遇

明传旺¹(), 赵宇豪¹(), 吕友军¹^,^*(), 李一航²^,^*()

1.西安交通大学绿色氢电全国重点实验室，西安 710049
2.西安电子科技大学先进材料与纳米科技学院，西安 710126

收稿日期:2025-01-21 修回日期:2025-03-19 出版日期:2025-10-25
通讯作者: *吕友军（1978），男，教授，博士，从事多相流热化学、氢能制备与利用等方面的研究，yjlu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn；
李一航（1991），男，副教授，博士，从事固体氧化物燃料电池/电解池等方面的研究，liyihang@xidian.edu.cn。
作者简介:明传旺（1998），男，硕士生，从事质子陶瓷氨燃料电池、合成氨等方面的研究，xjtuepemingcw@163.com；
赵宇豪（1998），男，博士生，从事质子陶瓷燃料电池/电解池等方面的研究，yhzhao@stu.xjtu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0506300);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024CY2-GJHX-66)

Research progress and opportunities in ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells

MING Chuanwang¹(), ZHAO Yuhao¹(), LYU Youjun¹^,^*(), LI Yihang²^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering（MPFL）， Xi'an Jiaotong University， Xi'an 710049， China
2. School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology， Xidian University， Xi'an 710126， China

Received:2025-01-21 Revised:2025-03-19 Published:2025-10-25
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0506300);Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2024CY2-GJHX-66)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为一种氢能载体和零碳燃料，氨在清洁能源发电领域的应用前景广阔。探讨了以氨为燃料的固体氧化物燃料电池（DA-SOFCs）的应用现状及发展方向。DA-SOFCs可分为氧离子传导型（O-SOFCs）和质子传导型（H-SOFCs），阐述了两者的工作原理、电解质和电极材料的选择、阳极的分解过程，并总结了电解质、电极材料、操作温度等因素对电池性能的影响。比较了不同类型DA-SOFCs使用NH₃燃料的性能差异与原因：O-SOFCs在高温条件下能高效完成氨的裂解与电化学反应协同，但高温对材料的制约限制了其发展；H-SOFCs展现出高效的性能优势，但仍面临电解质材料稳定性差、阳极抗氮化能力弱、低温氨裂解效率低等挑战。

关键词: 氨燃料, 固体氧化物燃料电池, 电解质, 电池性能, 阳极氮化, 氢能载体, 零碳燃料

Abstract:

As a hydrogen energy carrier and zero-carbon fuel， ammonia is considered to have significant potential in clean energy power generation. The application status and future development directions of direct-ammonia solid oxide fuel cells （DA-SOFCs） are thoroughly discussed. DA-SOFCs are classified into oxygen-conducting （O-SOFCs） and proton-conducting （H-SOFCs） types. Their working principles are outlined， along with the selection of electrolyte and electrode materials and the ammonia decomposition process at the anode. The influence of electrolyte type， electrode materials， and operating temperature on cell performance is summarized. Performance differences and their underlying reasons among different DA-SOFC types using NH₃ as fuel are compared and analyzed. O-SOFCs can achieve efficient and synergistic ammonia cracking and electrochemical reactions under high-temperature conditions， but material constraints under such conditions limit their development. H-SOFCs demonstrate promising efficiency， yet face challenges including poor stability of electrolyte materials， weak nitridation resistance of the anode， and low efficiency of ammonia decomposition at lower temperatures.

Key words: ammonia fuel, solid oxide fuel cell, electrolyte, cell performance, anode nitridation, hydrogen energy carrier, zero-carbon fuel

中图分类号:

TK01：U473.4

明传旺, 赵宇豪, 吕友军, 李一航. 氨基固体氧化物燃料电池的研究进展与机遇[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(10): 10-25.

MING Chuanwang, ZHAO Yuhao, LYU Youjun, LI Yihang. Research progress and opportunities in ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(10): 10-25.

图/表 14

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参数	氢气	液氢	液氨
沸点/℃	25.0	-253.0	-33.4
氢质量分数/%	100.0	100.0	17.7
密度/(kg·m^-3)	39.0	70.8	600.0
体积能量密度/(MJ·L^-1)	5.6	8.6	12.9
爆炸极限（体积分数）/%	4~75	4~75	15~28
存储成本/(美元·kg^-1)	14.95		0.84
运输成本/(美元·kg^-1)	1.87		0.19
生产成本/(美元·kg^-1)	3.00		3.80

发表年份	论发表数量
1971—1980	7
1981—1990	43
1991—1995	34
1996—2000	58
2001—2005	76
2006—2010	158
2011—2015	136
2016—2020	358

氨基固体氧化物燃料电池的研究进展与机遇

Research progress and opportunities in ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells

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