基于磷酸燃料电池的三联供系统经济性测算及价格成本分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对以天然气为燃料、以合同能源管理为运营模式的高温磷酸燃料电池三联供系统经济性问题，基于瞬时系统模拟程序（Trnsys）对南方某三甲医院进行容量优化配置和经济性分析。研究表明，在充分挖掘冷、热、电需求后，年发电小时数达6 000，系统自耗电率约为5%，净发电效率为40.9%，能源综合利用率达75%，目前进口设备价格约1.2 万元/kW，系统总投资约为6 900万元，项目投资回收期为18.73年，需大力补贴才能实现示范落地。系统日常处于较高负荷率，如遇停电，系统能够在不间断电源提供的过渡时间内迅速爬升负荷，作为重要负荷的保障电源，为医院节省柴油发电机房投资约250万元。结合其他类型燃料电池国产化进程，若磷酸燃料电池造价降至0.6 万元/kW，项目全投资收益率将达5%以上，在低息贷款条件下，此类项目将成为经济性良好的清洁、高效分布式供能新形式。

关键词: 磷酸燃料电池, 冷热电三联供, 经济性分析, 价格成本分析, 大型三甲医院

Abstract:

To address the economic issues of a high-temperature phosphoric acid fuel cell trigeneration system taking natural gas as fuel and taking an energy management contract as operation model， capacity optimization configuration and economic analysis were conducted for a tertiary hospital in southern China based on an instantaneous system simulation program （Trnsys）. The results showed that after fully tapping into the demands for cooling， heating， and electricity， the system achieved 6 000 h of power generation per year， with a self-consumption rate of about 5%， a net power generation efficiency of 40.9%， and an overall energy utilization rate of 75%. Currently， the price of imported equipment is around 12 000 yuan/kW， with a total system investment of about 69 million yuan. The project's investment payback period is 18.73 years， and substantial subsidies are required for successful demonstration and implementation. The system typically operates at a high load factor. In the event of a power outage， it can rapidly ramp up the load within the transition time provided by the uninterruptible power supply， serving as a crucial backup power source. This helps the hospital save about 2.5 million yuan in investment for diesel generator rooms. Considering the localization process of other types of fuel cells in China， if the cost of phosphoric acid fuel cell drops to 6 000 yuan/kW， the project's rate of return on investment will exceed 5%. Under the conditions of low-rate loans， such projects will become a cost-effective， clean， and efficient new form of distributed energy supply.

Key words: phosphoric acid fuel cell, cooling-heating-power trigeneration, economic analysis, price cost analysis, large tertiary hospital

中图分类号:

TK01：TM911.4

陈袁, 郭潇涵, 王廷鉴, 徐佩芸, 陈鹏, 王迪, 邓良胜. 基于磷酸燃料电池的三联供系统经济性测算及价格成本分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(10): 26-33.

CHEN Yuan, GUO Xiaohan, WANG Tingjian, XU Peiyun, CHEN Peng, WANG Di, DENG Liangsheng. Economic calculation and price cost analysis of the trigeneration system based on phosphoric acid fuel cells[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(10): 26-33.

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热负荷范围/MW	比例/%	热负荷范围/MW	比例/%
≥10	35.04	≥4	78.79
≥8	45.47	≥2	90.98
≥6	61.32

热负荷范围/kW		占供热期时间比例/%
热负荷范围/kW		住院楼A+B	住院楼B
	≥2 500	3.34
	≥2 000	16.09
	≥1 500	40.21	5.20
	≥1 000	60.33	28.96
	≥500		55.48

项目		数值
发电功率/kW	额定功率	440
发电功率/kW	最大功率	460
供热功率/kW	额定功率	454
供热功率/kW	最大功率	513
耗气量/（m³·h^-1）	额定功率下	98.4
耗气量/（m³·h^-1）	高功率模式	107.0
热水温度/℃	出口	120
热水温度/℃	回口	60

设备	型号规格	数量/台	单价/ 万元
燃料电池	8.80 m×3.35 m×3.05 m； 440 kW	6	528
溴化锂吸收式制冷机组	BDH100两级式单效热水机组，制冷量：531 kW	3	296
玻璃钢冷却塔	散热量:1 532 kW；额定功率:7.5 kW	3	3.6
箱式变压器	10 kV三相干式双绕组变压器SCB13-3150 kV·A; 10.5±2×2.5%/0.4 kV;短路阻抗(U_k)=6.0%;配低压配电装置	1	65

项目		设备购置费/ 万元	建安工程费/ 万元	其他费用/ 万元	合计/ 万元	占比/ %
设备及安装工程	发电设备	4 625.83	302.99		4 928.82	72.78
	开关站变配电设备	59.75	119.96		179.71	2.65
	控制保护设备	30.64	10.01		40.65	0.60
	其他设备	5.11	5.97		11.08	0.16
建安工程	发电设备基础工程		87.61		87.61	1.29
建安工程	其他建筑工程		3.00		3.00	0.04
其他费用（概算）				1 388.72	1 388.72	20.51
基本预备费				132.79	132.79	1.96