国内二氧化碳加氢合成甲烷应用可行性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CO₂减排及可再生能源的快速发展,催生了CO₂加H₂合成CH₄的市场需求。分别从H₂源、CO₂源、甲烷化反应催化剂和反应器等方面阐述了CO₂加H₂合成CH₄的技术原理,并分析了该技术的应用前景和经济性。可再生能源储存和转运是综合能源系统的重要支柱,利用风光弃电制H₂中和捕集的CO₂,实现碳中和。生成的CH₄可就近补充至天然气管道中,大大降低了能源的储存和转运成本,提高了能源利用效率。未来可提高的CO₂交易价格及可降低的可再生能源价格预示发展CO₂加H₂合成CH₄在国内具有很好的应用前景。

关键词: 碳中和, 二氧化碳减排, 可再生能源, 合成甲烷, 电解水制氢, 催化剂, 综合能源系统, 储能

Abstract:

The vigorous implementation of CO₂ emission reduction and renewable energy draws forth the market of methane production by CO₂ hydrogenation.The technical route of CO₂ hydrogenation to CH₄ was described from hydrogen sources,CO₂ sources,methanation reaction catalysts and reactors,and the application prospect and economy of this technology were analyzed.Storage and transit of renewable energy is an important pillar of integrated energy systems,capturing CO₂ by abandoned PV and wind power can facilitate the realization of carbon neutrality.The generated CH₄ is a supplement of natural gas in pipelines nearby,which greatly saves the cost of energy storage and transportation and improves energy utilization efficiency.If there is a raise in CO₂ trading price and a drop in price of renewable energy,methane production by CO₂ hydrogenation will embrace a promising future in China.

Key words: carbon neutral, CO₂ emission reduction, renewable energy, synthetic methane, electrolytic water for hydrogen production, catalyst, integrated energy system, energy storage

中图分类号:

TK91：TK019

陈勇, 苏军划, 汪洋. 国内二氧化碳加氢合成甲烷应用可行性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(6): 86-90.

CHEN Yong, SU Junhua, WANG Yang. Feasibility analysis on methane production by CO2 hydrogenation in China[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(6): 86-90.

图/表 3

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资源区类别	年份
资源区类别	2017	2018	2019	2020
Ⅰ类（风能/光伏）	0.65/0.65	0.40/0.55	0.34/0.40	0.29/0.35
Ⅱ类（风能/光伏）	0.75/0.75	0.45/0.65	0.39/0.45	0.34/0.40
Ⅲ类（风能/光伏）	0.85/0.85	0.49/0.75	0.43/0.55	0.38/0.49
Ⅳ类（风能）	—	0.57	0.52	0.47

CO₂源		废气中CO₂体积分数/%	成本/(元∙t^-1)
生物质	生物质发酵	15.00~50.00	100~300
	沼气生产	≈100.00	50
	生物乙醇生产	≈100.00	50
电厂	天然气电厂	3.00~5.00	300~400
电厂	燃煤电厂	10.00~15.00	300~500
工业过程	水泥生产	14.00~33.00	200~300
	钢铁生产	20.00~30.00	100~200
	环氧乙烷生产	≈100.00	50
环境	环境空气	0.03~0.04	600~6 000