熔盐纳米流体比热容提升研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前，熔盐储热技术作为一种高效的能量存储解决方案，不仅在太阳能热发电领域得到了广泛应用，还在火电厂灵活性改造等多样化场景下应用。熔盐介质的储热性能是影响熔盐储热系统大规模商业化应用进程最关键的因素之一。纳米颗粒掺杂于熔盐体系并制备成熔盐纳米流体，是提高熔盐储热性能极有前途的方式，可以显著改善熔盐的热物理性能，如比热容、热导率和工作温度等。介绍了熔盐储热的应用背景，阐明最新的熔盐热物性的强化机理，并总结了基于分子动力学模拟对熔盐纳米流体热物性提升的机理研究。此外，重点综述了具有代表性的纳米材料掺杂熔盐提升比热容方面最新的研究进展，并对未来的研究方向和发展趋势提出展望。

关键词: 熔盐储热, 纳米材料, 比热容, 熔盐纳米流体, 分子动力学模拟

Abstract:

At present， as an efficient energy storage solution， molten salt heat storage technology has not only been widely used in the field of solar thermal power generation， but also in the flexibility modification of thermal power plants and other diversified scenarios. The heat storage performance of molten salt medium is one of the most critical factors that affect the progress of large-scale commercial application of molten salt heat storage systems. Doping nanoparticles into molten salt systems to prepare molten salt nanofluids is a highly promising method to enhance the heat storage performance of molten salt， significantly improving its thermal physical properties， such as specific heat capacity， thermal conductivity， and operating temperature. The application background of molten salt heat storage is introduced in detail， the latest mechanism for strengthening the thermal properties of molten salt is clarified， and the mechanism of improving thermal properties of molten salt nanofluids based on molecular dynamics simulation is summarized. In addition， a comprehensive review of recent advances in enhancing specific heat capacity of representative nanoparticle-doped molten salt is presented， and insights into future research directions and development trends are proposed.

Key words: molten salt heat storage, nanomaterials, specific heat capacity, molten salt nanofluid, molecular dynamics simulation

中图分类号:

TK02

刘亨, 于洋, 李明航, 梁猛, 闫霆, 赵大周. 熔盐纳米流体比热容提升研究进展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(12): 45-54.

LIU Heng, YU Yang, LI Minghang, LIANG Meng, YAN Ting, ZHAO Dazhou. Research progress on specific heat capacity improvement of molten salt nanofluids[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(12): 45-54.

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熔盐成分	工作温度/℃	比热容/[J·(g·K)^-1]	热传导系数/[kW·(m·K)^-1]	密度/（kg·m^-3)
60%NaNO₃+40%KNO₃	220~565	1.50	0.52	1 753
53%KNO₃+40%NaNO₂+7%NaNO₃	142~535	1.40	0.35	1 723
15%NaNO₃+43%KNO₃+42%Ca(NO₃)₂	120~500	1.45	0.52	1 992
29%LiNO₃+18%NaNO₃+53%KNO₃	120~540	1.64		1 780
62%Li₂CO₃+38%K₂CO₃	400~900	1.60		1 967(577 ℃)
34.52%K₂CO₃+32.12%Li₂CO₃+33.36%Na₂CO₃	378~800	1.61	0.49	2 010(600 ℃)
68.6%ZnCl₂+7.5%NaCl+23.9%KCl	204~850	0.81(300~600 ℃)		2 000(600 ℃)
68.2%MgCl₂+14%NaCl+17.8%KCl	380~800	1.00(500~800 ℃)
29%LiF+12%NaF+59%KF	454~1 600	1.89	0.92	2 020
3.2%NaF+96.8%NaBF₄	3 845~700	1.51	0.63	1 750
32.5%KF+67.5%ZrF₄	390~1 450	1.04	0.32	2 800
4%NaF+27%KF+69%ZrF₄	385	1.09	0.36	2 920

基盐	纳米粒子	模拟软件	研究的热物性
Li₂CO₃-K₂CO₃	SWCNT	LAMMPS	比热容
太阳盐	SiO₂	LAMMPS	比热容+热导率
Li₂CO₃-Na₂CO₃-K₂CO₃	Al₂O₃，SiO₂， MWCNTs	LAMMPS	比热容
太阳盐	SiO₂	LAMMPS	比热容
Hitec	MgO	PACKMOL	比热容+热导率
Li₂CO₃-K₂CO₃	SiO₂	MedeA3.1+ LAMMPS	比热容