计及效率与寿命的海上风电-多堆氢能系统运行优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海上风电-氢能系统由海上风电场、氢能设备、输电系统等构成,可对海上与岸上多种电、氢负荷供能,实现海上能源全环节清洁化供应,助力实现碳中和目标。电解槽与燃料电池是海上风电-氢能的关键设备,其效率及使用寿命与工况密切相关,对系统运行优化时需进行精细化模拟。在对电解槽与燃料电池进行建模的基础上,提出了一种计及效率与寿命的海上风电-多堆氢能系统优化调度模型。仿真结果表明,该模型可有效提高系统运行收益,减小电解槽与燃料电池的寿命衰减并使系统寿命衰减更均衡。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 海上风电-多堆氢能系统, 碳中和, 电解槽, 燃料电池, 效率, 寿命衰减, 均衡

Abstract:

An offshore wind-hydrogen system is constituted by an offshore wind farm, a hydrogen energy system and transmission system. It facilitates the realization of the whole-process offshore power clean supply and carbon neutrality by providing electric power and hydrogen to onshore and offshore users. Electrolyzers and fuel cells are the key components of the offshore wind-hydrogen system, and their efficiency and lifetime are closely related to their own working conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to finely simulate them for system operation optimization. Based on the modelling of electrolyzers and fuel cells, an offshore wind-multi-stack hydrogen system operation optimization strategy considering efficiency and service life is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the system operation benefits, shorten the life attenuation of the electrolyzer and fuel cell and smooth the attenuation the stacks.

Key words: integrated energy system, offshore wind-multi-stack hydrogen system, carbon neutrality, electrolyzer, fuel cell, efficiency, life attenuation, balance

中图分类号:

TK89：TK91

李梓丘, 乔颖, 鲁宗相. 计及效率与寿命的海上风电-多堆氢能系统运行优化[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(5): 69-77.

Ziqiu LI, Ying QIAO, Zongxiang LU. Operation optimization of offshore wind-multi-stack hydrogen system considering efficiency and lifetime[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(5): 69-77.

图/表 11

图1

图2

表1

表2

燃气轮机参数

燃气轮机	$P g t, m i n, j$ /MW	$P g t, m a x, j$ /MW	$b j$ /[m³·(MW·h)^-1]	$c j$ /(m³·h^-1)
^#1,^#2	3	15	172.5	729.2
^#3,^#4	1	5	172.5	729.2

表2

表3

图3

图4

表4

各方案优化结果

项目	方案1	方案2	方案3	方案4
计划运行收益/万元	71.793	74.589	72.445	75.215
实际运行收益/万元	73.014	74.589	73.016	75.215
EL寿命平均衰减( $× 10 - 4$ )/V	1.504 8	1.394 7	1.414 6	1.289 2
EL寿命衰减偏移( $× 10 - 6$ )/V			18.162 0	0.802 8
EL平均效率/%	71.37	72.74	70.84	72.63
FC寿命平均衰减( $× 10 - 4$ )/V	1.228 6	1.236 5	0.603 9	1.213 3
FC寿命衰减偏移( $× 10 - 6$ )/V			10.250 1	5.827 5
FC平均效率/%	41.20	41.87	39.99	41.80

表4

图5

图6

图7

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项目	时段	电价
峰时	08:00—12:00,15:00—22:00	0.891
平时	06:00—08:00,12:00—15:00,22:00—23:00	0.510
谷时	23:00—24:00,00:00—06:00	0.235

参数		设定值
EL	N_el	8
	k_e1	2.50×10⁴
	k_e2	0.96
	K_el,1/（μV·h^-1)	2.6×10^-6
	K_el,2/（μV·h^-1)	2.6×10^-6
	K_el,3/（μV·次^-1)	1.67×10^-4
	K_el,4/（μV·次^-1)	3.52×10^-5
	A/cm²	160
FC	N_fc	4
	K_fc,1/（μV·h^-1)	8.66×10^-6
	K_fc,2/（μV·h^-1)	1.00×10^-5
	K_fc,3/（μV·次^-1)	13.790 0×10^-6
	K_fc,4/（μV·次^-1)	0.418 5×10^-6
规划模型	P_el,max/MW	100
	P_fc,max/MW	16
	P_trans/MW	160
	V_max/m³	5.618×10⁵
	p_h/(元·m^-3)	4.00
	p_c/(元·m^-3)	1.85
	p_e2/[元·(kW·h)^-1]	0.453 2
	μ_loss	0.025