生物质基碳材料制备及其在超级电容器电极材料中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物质材料具备价格低廉、收集方便、芳香度和含碳量高等优良特点，是实现工业化规模制备新型碳材料的重要碳源之一。生物质材料和功能材料绿色可持续高效转化是实现碳中和的关键。多孔碳材料由于高比表面积、丰富合理的多孔结构、良好的导电性和稳定性，在能量储存方面具有巨大潜力。归纳整理了生物质衍生多孔碳材料的国内外最新研究进展，总结了生物质基多孔碳材料的分类和制备过程，重点阐述了其作为电极材料的研究进展。针对生物质基多孔碳材料制备工艺提出了合理的研究策略，给出了精准利用发展生物质自身优势制备功能化碳材料的未来研究方向。

关键词: 碳中和, 生物质, 多孔碳材料, 制备方法, 超级电容器, 电极, 储能

Abstract:

Biomass materials are considered as important carbon sources for the industrialized preparation of new carbon materials， due to the low price， convenience of collection， high aromaticity and carbon content. The efficient and sustainable conversion from biomass materials to functional materials is the key to achieving carbon neutrality. Porous carbon materials have great potential for energy storage due to their high specific surface area， abundant and reasonable porous structure， good electrical conductivity and stability. The latest researches at home and abroad on the classification and preparation of the porous carbon materials derived from biomass are summarized， focusing on its application as the electrode material. And the future research direction is providing reasonable preparation processes for biomass-based porous carbon materials according to the advantages and characteristics of various biomass.

Key words: carbon neutrality, biomass, porous carbon material, preparation method, supercapacitor, electrode, energy storage

中图分类号:

TK6：TM53

周舒心, 范怀林, 胡勋. 生物质基碳材料制备及其在超级电容器电极材料中的应用[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(5): 1-12.

ZHOU Shuxin, FAN Huailin, HU Xun. Preparation of biomass-based carbon materials and its application as electrodes in supercapacitors[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(5): 1-12.

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原料	比表面积/(m²·g^-1)	应用	参考文献
豆渣	1 276.0	超级电容器：281.4 F/g (0.5 A/g)	[54]
荞麦粉	154.0	超级电容器：767.0 F/g (1.0 A/g)	[55]
脱脂棉	1 523.0	钠离子储能设备：1 390.1 mA·h/g (0.2 A/g)	[56]
木质纤维素	1 299.0	钠离子储能设备：233.8 F/g	[57]
蚕砂	496.0	钠离子电池：331.7 mA·h/g (20.0 mA/g)	[58]
海带	1 986.0	超级电容器：381.0 F/g (1.0 A/g)	[59]
明胶	3 099.0	锌空气电池：154.2 mA/cm (1.0 V)	[60]
苦参	2 068.9	超级电容器：386.0 F/g (1.0 A/g)	[61]