海洋垃圾治理技术综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着工业技术的发展，海洋垃圾已经成为海洋治理中不可忽视的问题。全球海洋垃圾总量大、分布范围广，包括塑料类、木制品类、纸制品类和金属类，其中塑料是海洋垃圾的主要组成部分。海洋垃圾不仅造成视觉污染、影响船舶行驶安全，还严重威胁海洋生物与海洋生态平衡。综述了海洋垃圾治理技术，包括定位与监测、收集和处理3个环节。定位与监测领域，深度学习技术已经应用于海洋垃圾的自动监测。在收集方面，专业垃圾清理船等传统装置仍占主导地位，自动水面清洁器等新型设备尚在不断研发与完善中。海洋垃圾处理方法主要包括填埋法、焚烧、热解、微生物治理法等，其中热解法不仅避免了二噁英等污染物的产生，还可用于制备高热值燃油等附加产品，有助于实现海洋垃圾能量循环再利用。下一阶段，开发同时具备定位、收集、处理能力的系统将成为趋势。

关键词: 海洋垃圾, 定位与监测, 治理技术, 深度学习, 热化学处理, 热解, 垃圾发电

Abstract:

With the development of industrial technology， marine litter has become a noticeable issue in ocean governance.Huge amount of marine litter distributes widely all over the world. Marine litter includes plastics，wood products，paper products and metals，among which plastics are the main components.Marine debris not only causes visual pollution and vessel safety hazards，but also seriously threatens the marine biology and ecological balance.In the review on marine litter treatment technologies，the treatment procedure can be divided into three steps：locating and monitoring，collection and treatment.Deep learning has already been applied to the automatic detection on marine litter. In terms of collection，traditional devices，such as cleaning vessels，still play a dominate role，while new devices，such as automatic water surface cleaners，are in ongoing development and improvement.The treatment methods of marine debris mainly include landfill，incineration，pyrolysis and microbial technologies.Pyrolysis not only avoids the production of pollutants such as dioxins，but can also be used to produce additional products such as fuel oil with high calorific value，which facilitates the recycling of energy from marine litter.Next，it will become an inevitable trend to develop a collaborative system integrating pollutant positioning，collection and processing.

Key words: marine litter, locating and monitoring, treatment technology, deep learning, thermochemical treatment, pyrolysis, waste-to-energy

中图分类号:

TK09

房瑞, 段志勇, 刘在智, 王宇轩, 刘辰希, 李浩, 范垂钢. 海洋垃圾治理技术综述[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(5): 70-79.

FANG Rui, DUAN Zhiyong, LIU Zaizhi, WANG Yuxuan, LIU Chenxi, LI Hao, FAN Chuigang. Review on marine litter treatment technologies[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(5): 70-79.

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菌种	菌属	PE来源	降解结果	参考文献
Fusarium sp.FSM-3	真菌	土壤	PE质量减少8.00%	[46]
Fusarium sp.FSM-6	真菌	土壤	PE质量减少7.00%	[46]
Pseudomonas knackmussii N1-2	细菌	污水处理厂	PE质量减少（5.95±0.03）%	[47]
Bacillus siamensis	细菌	垃圾处理厂	PE质量减少（8.46±0.30）%	[48]
Bacillus cereus	细菌	垃圾处理厂	PE质量减少（6.33±0.20）%	[48]
Zalerion maritimum	真菌	海洋	PE质量减少	[49]