高速公路微网的储能容量配置与调度优化策略

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高高速公路清洁能源利用率，实现储能设施科学经济配置与弹性优化调度，提出一种高速公路光储充微网的储能容量配置与调度优化模型，采用新型求解算法求解并进行仿真分析。基于路域气象信息及高速公路服务区负荷，建立了高速公路光储充微网数学模型，通过蒙特卡洛模拟分析服务区电动汽车充电负荷，基于高速公路服务区、管理中心、收费站、隧道的负荷特性，建立了高速公路微网负荷模型。从高速公路微网的经济性角度出发，建立了双层优化模型以综合实现微网储能系统的优化配置与优化调度，采用指数分布算法-混合整数规划算法（EDO-MILP）对模型进行求解。以攀大高速（四川境内）分布式光储示范项目为例，进行8 760 h的模拟与优化。结果表明，面向光伏装机容量2 MW、最大负荷约为800 kW的实际微网，引入1 131 kW·h/283 kW的储能设备，可实现系统年增收38.4万元，比无储能方案提升了42.8%，较经验方案提高了4.3%，实现了经济性的有效提升。此外，该配置方案还提升了微网系统对光伏绿电的消纳能力，较无储能方案，消纳能力提高了5.7%，较传统方案，提升了3.4%。

关键词: 交能融合, 双层优化模型, 指数分布算法, 混合整数规划

Abstract:

To improve the utilization of clean energy for highways and achieve the scientific and economical allocation and flexible scheduling optimization of energy storage facilities， an energy storage capacity allocation and scheduling optimization model for highway photovoltaic-storage-charging microgrids is proposed. A novel solution algorithm was used to solve the model and conduct simulation analysis. Based on meteorological information along the highways and load conditions of highway service areas， a mathematical model for the highway photovoltaic-storage-charging microgrids was established. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to analyze the charging loads of electric vehicles in the service areas. Additionally， based on the load characteristics of highway service areas， management centers， toll stations， and tunnels， a highway microgrid load model was developed. From the perspective of the economic efficiency of highway microgrids， a bi-level optimization model was established to achieve integrated optimization of energy storage system allocation and scheduling. The （Exponential Distribution Optimizer-Mixed-Integer Linear Programming， EDO-MILP） algorithm was applied to solve the model. Taking the distributed photovoltaic-storage demonstration project on the Panzhihua-Dali Expressway （Sichuan section） as an example， simulation and optimization were conducted over a period of 8 760 h. The simulation results showed that for microgrids with a photovoltaic installed capacity of 2 MW and a maximum load of approximately 800 kW， the introduction of 1 131 kW·h/283 kW of energy storage devices led to an annual increase in system revenue of 384 000 yuan， effectively improving the economic efficiency. This was a 42.8% improvement compared to the non-energy storage scheme and a 4.3% improvement over the empirical scheme. Additionally， the allocation scheme increased the microgrid system's consumption capacity for photovoltaic green electricity. Compared to the non-energy storage scheme， the consumption capacity increased by 5.7%， and compared to the traditional scheme， it improved by 3.4%.

Key words: energy integration, bi-level optimization model, exponential distribution algorithm, mixed-integer linear programming algorithm

中图分类号:

TK02：TM732

陈晓祺, 张敏, 孙周, 刘斌, 毛勇, 陶永晋. 高速公路微网的储能容量配置与调度优化策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(2): 29-40.

CHEN Xiaoqi, ZHANG Min, SUN Zhou, LIU Bin, MAO Yong, TAO Yongjin. Energy storage capacity configuration and scheduling optimization strategy for the expressway microgrids[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(2): 29-40.

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场景	用电设施
服务区	监控、通信、照明、供配电、消防、公共服务设施（卫生间、便利店、加油站、餐饮、住宿等）
管理中心	监控、通信、照明、供配电、消防、管理办公楼、住宿区
收费站	监控、通信、照明、供配电、消防
隧道	监控、通信、照明、供配电、消防、通风
桥梁	监控、通信、照明、供配电
道路沿线	监控、通信、照明、供配电

场景	负荷
中坝管理处	57~65
攀枝花南服务区	17~35
太平收费站	30~40
中坝收费站	7~11
半边街隧道	14~15
平洞隧道	9~10
总发隧道	4.5~5.0
中坝隧道	14~15

方案	储能容量	建设成本/万元	年消纳绿电/（MW·h）	年上网收益/万元	年购电成本/万元	综合年费用电费降低/万元
1	无	0.0	997	66.2	44.3	26.9
2	600 kW·h/300 kW	43.2	1 019	65.3	26.2	36.8
3	1 131 kW·h/283 kW	74.6	1 054	63.9	24.2	38.4