基于自适应多模态的构网型飞轮储能系统的稳定控制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.07.009

综合智慧能源 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 88-97.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.07.009

基于自适应多模态的构网型飞轮储能系统的稳定控制

孙广宇¹(), 孙俊杰¹(), 戈阳阳¹(), 胡姝博¹(), 张潇桐¹(), 王晨怡²^,^*()

¹ 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，沈阳 110055
² 东北大学信息科学与工程学院，沈阳 110819

收稿日期:2026-03-30 修回日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-07-25
通讯作者: * 王晨怡（2003），女，硕士生，从事电气工程方面的研究，2742443527@qq.com。
作者简介:孙广宇（1990），男，高级工程师，博士，从事电气工程方面的研究，1262543289@qq.com；
孙俊杰（1994），男，高级工程师，硕士，从事电气工程方面的研究，1256950778@qq.com；
戈阳阳（1983），男，正高级工程师，博士，从事电气工程方面的研究，15942302722@163.com；
胡姝博（1989），女，高级工程师，博士，从事电力系统及其自动化方面的研究，shubo_hu@qq.com；
张潇桐（1989），男，高级工程师，硕士，从事电气工程方面的研究，2952234274@qq.com。
基金资助:
国网辽宁电科院科技项目(2024YF-102)

Stability control of grid-forming flywheel energy storage system based on adaptive multimodal approach

SUN Guangyu¹(), SUN Junjie¹(), GE Yangyang¹(), HU Shubo¹(), ZHANG Xiaotong¹(), WANG Chenyi²^,^*()

¹ Electric Power Research Institute， State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company Limited， Shenyang 110055， China
² College of Information Science and Engineering， Northeastern University， Shenyang 110819， China

Received:2026-03-30 Revised:2026-04-30 Published:2026-07-25
Supported by:
Science and Technology Project of Electric Power Research Institute， State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Company Limited(2024YF-102)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着高比例新能源的接入，电力系统呈现出惯量水平下降和阻尼能力减弱的特性。引入先进的储能技术有助于解决上述问题，提升电力系统的消纳能力并保障系统安全稳定运行。飞轮储能作为一种新型物理储能技术，在电力系统的构网运行中应用前景广阔。然而，构网型飞轮储能在复杂扰动工况下易出现机电耦合振荡的问题。因此，围绕构网型飞轮储能系统的动态建模、扰动稳定性分析与振荡抑制控制开展研究，提出了一种基于自适应多模态的构网型飞轮储能系统的稳定控制方法。综合考虑飞轮储能单元、永磁同步电机、网侧变流器及虚拟同步发电机控制环节，建立构网型飞轮储能系统的机电耦合动态模型，并分析飞轮转速、电磁转矩、有功功率、电网频率与输出电压之间的动态关系。构建系统扰动小信号模型，采用特征值分析与根轨迹法研究虚拟转动惯量、虚拟阻尼等关键控制参数对系统主导振荡模态、动态响应速度及稳定裕度的影响规律，并结合时域仿真分析系统在电压跌落、频率阶跃和短路故障等典型扰动下的飞轮转速、电磁转矩及并网电气量响应特性。在此基础上，提出一种自适应多模态振荡抑制策略，通过实时监测系统关键运行状态，在线辨识次同步与超同步振荡模态的频率及阻尼特征，并根据辨识结果动态调整虚拟阻尼及相关控制参数，实现对多频段振荡分量的协同抑制。经过Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了所提自适应多模态振荡抑制策略的有效性，能显著降低超调量，加快振荡衰减，增强系统的阻尼特性与稳定裕度。仿真结果证明，基于自适应多模态的构网型飞轮储能系统的稳定控制具有良好的理论研究意义和工程应用前景。

关键词: 构网型控制, 飞轮储能系统, 虚拟同步发电机, 自适应控制, 多模态融合, 稳定性分析

Abstract:

With the increasing integration of high-proportion renewable energy， power systems exhibit reduced rotational inertia levels and weakened damping capabilities. The introduction of advanced energy storage technologies helps address these challenges， improve the accommodation capacity of renewable energy， and ensure the secure and stable operation of power systems. As an emerging physical energy storage technology， flywheel energy storage has broad application prospects in grid-forming operation of power systems. However， grid-forming flywheel energy storage systems are prone to electromechanical coupling oscillations under complex disturbance conditions. Therefore， the dynamic modeling， disturbance stability analysis， and oscillation suppression control of a grid-forming flywheel energy storage system were investigated， and a stability control method based on adaptive multimodal oscillation suppression was proposed. An electromechanical coupling dynamic model of the grid-forming flywheel energy storage system was established by comprehensively considering the flywheel energy storage unit， permanent magnet synchronous machine， grid-side converter， and virtual synchronous generator control loops. Additionally， the dynamic relationships among flywheel rotational speed， electromagnetic torque， active power， grid frequency， and output voltage were analyzed. Subsequently， a small-signal disturbance model of the system was developed. Eigenvalue analysis and the root locus method were employed to investigate the effects of key control parameters， including virtual moment of inertia and virtual damping， on the dominant oscillation modes， dynamic response speed， and stability margin of the system. In addition， time-domain simulations were conducted to analyze the response characteristics of flywheel rotational speed， electromagnetic torque， and grid-connected electrical quantities under representative disturbances， such as voltage sags， frequency step changes， and short-circuit faults. Based on this analysis， an adaptive multimodal oscillation suppression strategy was proposed. The strategy continuously monitored critical operating states of the system， identified the frequencies and damping characteristics of subsynchronous and supersynchronous oscillation modes online， and dynamically adjusted the virtual damping and other relevant control parameters according to the identification results， thereby achieving coordinated suppression of oscillatory components across multiple frequency bands. Matlab/Simulink simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive multimodal oscillation suppression strategy， which significantly reduced the overshoot， accelerated oscillation attenuation， and enhanced the damping performance and stability margin of the system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed stability control method based on adaptive multimodal oscillation suppression for grid-forming flywheel energy storage systems has considerable theoretical significance and promising engineering application prospects.

Key words: grid-forming control, flywheel energy storage system, virtual synchronous generator, adaptive control, multimodal fusion, stability analysis

中图分类号:

TK01：TM73

孙广宇, 孙俊杰, 戈阳阳, 胡姝博, 张潇桐, 王晨怡. 基于自适应多模态的构网型飞轮储能系统的稳定控制[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(7): 88-97.

SUN Guangyu, SUN Junjie, GE Yangyang, HU Shubo, ZHANG Xiaotong, WANG Chenyi. Stability control of grid-forming flywheel energy storage system based on adaptive multimodal approach[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(7): 88-97.

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性能指标	固定参数控制方案	自适应振荡抑制策略	提升比例/%
超调量	21.5%	5.2%	75.81
调节时间	3.4 s	2.1 s	38.24

基于自适应多模态的构网型飞轮储能系统的稳定控制

Stability control of grid-forming flywheel energy storage system based on adaptive multimodal approach

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