Research progress of biochar prepared by microwave pyrolysis technology

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.05.006

Abstract

Abstract:

With the development of society and economy， the biosafety treatment of agricultural and forestry waste， household waste， municipal sludge and other organic solid waste has attracted wide attention in recent years. Traditional treatments such as landfill ， incineration and crop residue burying are not eco-friendly. Since there are abundant carbon sources in solid wastes， traditional treatments will lead to carbon source loss. Microwave pyrolysis （MP） is an innovative biomass pyrolysis technology with advantages of fast heating rate， uniform heating on biomass and high heating efficiency. MP can affect the properties of biomass in a different way that conventional tube furnace heating does because their heat and mass transfer methods are different. This study summarizes the properties of the solid biochar derived from the MP of disposed biomass and different ways of MP， and compares the product compositions and product yields varying with raw materials， microwave power and temperature. And the research lays focus on the comparison of the morphology， surface functional group， pore structure， specific surface area， element content and thermal stability of biochar obtained from different biomass processed by MP. Finally， the biochar made by MP and conventional method are compared.

Key words: solid waste biomass, microwave pyrolysis, morphology, surface functional group, pore structure, thermal stability of biochar, carbon source

CLC Number:

TK01

JIANG Yuchen, LI Qingyang, HU Xun. Research progress of biochar prepared by microwave pyrolysis technology[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(5): 46-62.

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原料	微波功率/W	温度/℃	生物炭/%	生物油/%	气体/%
straw^[11]	1 200	200	33.70	28.7	37.6
willow^[11]	1 200	170	27.30	42.2	30.5
malaysian wood^[30]	1 000	800	21.80	26.2	52.0
rubber wood^[30]	1 000	800	21.40	19.1	59.5
corn stover^[31]	500	522	15.00	12.0	73.0
oil palm shell^[32]	600	900	26.00	39.0	35.0
moso bamboo^[33]	800	650	18.00	35.0	47.0
chlorella^[34]	—	900	28.40	14.7	56.9
corn stover^[35]	500	—	19.00	18.0	63.0
wheat straw^[36]	800	—	27.40	26.1	46.5
cordgrass^[37]	700	650	26.70	28.0	45.3
food waste^[38]	300	—	81.60	11.9	6.5
cellulose^[39]	300	200~280	35.00~70.00	45.0~52.0	5.0~35.0
palm kernel shell^[40]	100~1 000	—	40.00	—	—
tarfaya oil shale^[41]	300~600	—	—	5.6~4.2	9.3~14.2
pine wood sawdust^[42]	1 000	470	17.30~40.30	16.0~26.0	36.0~60.0
core derived plastic bags^[43]	1 200~3 000	345~535	11.10~32.70	22.3~47.6	28.7~46.2
waste multilayer packaging beverage^[44]	3 000	345~600	28.70~43.30	31.1~60.6	9.0~42.5
oil palm shell^[45]	450	500~650	26.00~42.00	20.0~28.0	37.0~46.0
cornstalk bale^[46]	334~668	—	—	—	50.0
douglas fir^[47]	700	315~485	—	12.5~48.1	11.8~57.5
rice straw^[48]	300~500	—	26.00~31.00	50.0	18.0~26.0
sewage sludge and rice straw^[49]	100~400	—	38.71~77.75	—	—
polystyrenee^[50]	2 000	—	19.00	71.0	9.0
sugarcane bagasse^[51]	—	550	61.90~83.20	14.4~22.0	2.4~16.1

原料	微波功率/W	温度/℃	比表面积/(m²·g^-1)	孔容积/(cm³·g^-1)
straw^[11]	1 200	200	1.1	0.37
willow^[11]	1 200	170	3.9	2.10
malaysian wood^[30]	1 000	800	350.9	0.19
rubber wood^[30]	1 000	800	238.6	0.16
sludge^[54]	1 200	—	459.0	0.23
spruce sawdust^[71]	400	—	341.0	0.19
tobacco straw^[56]	—	550	9.9	0.03
cotton stalk^[27]	600	700	94.5	0.21
flavedo^[29]	700	—	1 015.0	0.50
wheat straw^[36]	600	—	32.0	0.03
moso bamboo^[72]	800	—	10.5	0.02
pecan shell^[62]	400	—	306.0	0.18
waste oil^[73]	—	—	124.0	0.13
washed rice husk^[74]	—	—	267.8	0.20
washed and pretreated rice husk^[74]	—	—	157.8	0.13
rice straw^[49]	—	—	93.0~122.2	0.06~0.08
wheat straw^[75]	—	—	7.0~128.7	0.01~0.09
rice husk^[74]	—	—	217.0	0.13
pretreated rice husk^[74]	—	—	187.7	0.13
sewage sludge^[49]	—	—	24.8~51.5	0.02~0.03
rice straw^[76]	—	—	31.6~122.2	0.03~0.08

原料	微波功率/W	温度/℃	w(C)/%	w(H)/%	w(N)/%	w(O)/%
oil palm shell^[32]	600	900	72.2	1.20	0.60	18.7
oil shale^[83]	600	520	83.8	8.90	1.20	2.6
malaysian wood^[30]	1 000	800	89.3	1.20	0.34	9.2
rubber wood^[30]	1 000	800	88.9	0.38	0.49	9.8
cornstalk^[60]	900	—	74.3	1.90	0.35	23.5
polystyrene^[84]	2 000	—	96.2	0.52	0.13	—
paper^[84]	2 000	—	92.2	2.00	0.21	—
cotton stalk^[27]	600	700	43.5	6.40	0.62	42.9
meat^[84]	2 000	—	91.7	1.60	2.00	—
straw^[85]	—	800	64.7	0.50	0.80	1.5
municipalsolid waste^[85]	—	800	21.1	0.20	0.80	0.9
pecan shell^[62]	400	—	82.0	1.30	0.10	16.7
waste oil^[73]	—	—	86.3	4.00	0.20	9.0
rice husk^[74]	—	—	44.7	1.80	0.73	7.7
pretreated rice husk^[74]	—	—	48.9	1.90	0.90	6.1
packaging beverage^[44]	—	—	66.0	1.00	0.50	—
waste tires^[76]	—	—	82.3~92.0	0.32~3.20	0.00~0.78	—
pine sawdust^[75]	—	—	89.4~93.1	0.98~2.50	0.14~0.24	5.5~7.7
prosopis africana shell^[86]	—	—	70.8	4.70	1.60	22.9
wood^[87]	—	—	59.3~63.9	5.80~7.20	2.30~2.40	28.0~32.0
washed rice husk^[74]	—	—	44.4	1.80	0.80	8.9
washed and pretreated rice husk^[74]	—	—	46.0	2.00	0.80	9.5
sewage sludge and rice straw^[49]	—	—	—	—	—	—
wheat straw^[75]	—	—	46.9~64.6	0.80~2.10	0.53~1.32	26.4~45.9
waste tire^[88]	—	—	85.0~87.7	8.50~11.80	0.02~0.76	—