Business operation modes and risk analysis of large-scale energy storage in western Inner Mongolia

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.03.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Energy storage is the key to achieving high-proportion wind and solar energy consumption in new power systems.As an important national energy and strategic resource base，Inner Mongolia has taken the lead in building new power systems with renewable energy as their cores.It is important to find an energy storage business mode suitable for Inner Mongolia. In order to comprehensively compare the potential of existing energy storage business modes，the technical routes，application scenarios and configuration principles of large-scale energy storage projects in western Inner Mongolia are studied.Taking the characteristics of power generation，transmission and consumption in this area into consideration，the feasibility and risks of typical energy storage business modes in China are analyzed.The research results show that chemical energy storage technologies are less affected by natural conditions，among which the LiFePO₄ battery is more suitable for large-scale energy storage of current power system.In the short term，user-side energy storage can only obtain profit through participating in virtual power plant aggregation and demand-side response.Energy performance contracting mode and shared energy storage modes are more suitable for large-scale energy storage projects in western Inner Mongolia.This study can assist investors of energy storage projects in western Inner Mongolia in making decisions，and can also provide reference for decision-making on energy storage projects in other regions.

Key words: large-scale energy storage, new power system, accommodation of renewable energy, LiFePO₄ battery, virtual power plant aggregation, demand side response, energy management contracting mode, shared energy storage mode

CLC Number:

TK02

YUAN Shuguang, ZHANG Yuting, WANG Feng, YUAN Guangzhen. Business operation modes and risk analysis of large-scale energy storage in western Inner Mongolia[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(3): 63-71.

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应用场景		应用模式
发电侧	新能源消纳	配合可再生能源发电，能够有效平滑发电出力曲线，提高利用小时数，从而促进可再生能源消纳
	调频、备用等辅助服务	提高发电厂站自动发电控制（Automatic Generation，AGC）调节特性
	受端电网紧急电源支撑	在电网正常运行所需的发电出力意外中断时，可快速提供负荷所需电能，保证电力系统稳定运行
电网侧	缓解电力缺口	通过储能，缓解特定时段电力缺口
	参与电网调峰	电网可以利用储能装置在负荷高峰时期放电，在负荷低谷时充电，从而达到改善负荷特性、参与系统调峰
	延缓电网升级改造	延缓电网传统的升级措施
	备用电源	缓解电网建设过渡阶段用电，以及电网黑启动用电
	缓解输配电线路阻塞	为大电网提供虚拟同步惯量，保障电网安全可靠运行
用户侧	大用户峰谷价差套利	峰谷价差套利是在低电价或系统边际成本时段存储电能，在高电价或供不应求时段使用或卖出
	参与需求侧响应	利用储能技术特性，参与需求侧响应管理
	提高分布式电源利用率	响应净负荷曲线，增加新能源电量消纳
	提高用户供电可靠性	作为备用电源，减少停电次数，提高电能质量及供电可靠性

储能类型		容量	工作时间	成本	优势	劣势	功率型应用	容量型应用
机械储能	抽水蓄能	100~200 MW	4~10 h	4 200 元/kW	高容量、成本低	对场地要求高	不可行	完全可行
	压缩空气储能	10~300 MW	1~20 h	3 200 元/kW	高容量、成本低	特殊场地	不可行	完全可行
	飞轮储能	5 kW~10 MW	1 s~30 min	1 200 美元/（kW·h）	功率高	能量密度低	完全可行	可行、昂贵
化学储能	锂电子电池	kW级~MW级	min级~h级	780 美元/（kW·h）	比能高、效率高	成本高	完全可行	可行、昂贵
	铅酸电池	kW~500 MW	min级~h级	150 美元/（kW·h）	价格低	深充寿命短	完全可行	可行、昂贵
	镍氢电池	―	min级~h级	350 美元/（kW·h）	效率高	寿命短	完全可行	有合理性
	钠硫电池	100 kW~100 MW	h级	350 美元/（kW·h）	比能高、效率高	成本高、效率低	完全可行	完全可行
	全钒液流电池	5 kW~100 MW	1~20 h	350 美元/（kW·h）	深放电寿命长	能量密度低	有合理性	完全可行
电磁储能	超导储能	10 kW~50 MW	2 s~5 min	6 000 美元/（kW·h）	功率高	比能低、成本高	完全可行	不可行
电磁储能	超级电容储能	10 kW~1 MW	1~30 s	600 美元/（kW·h）	寿命长、效率高	能量密度低	完全可行	有合理性