Security protection of typical networks for integrated smart energy systems

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.05.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Integrated infrastructure，represented by multi-station integrated intelligent energy systems，is a main form of new power systems.Based on the analysis on characteristics of different components，including substations，photovoltaic stations，and data center stations，a proper structure for integrated smart energy systems is constructed，and the information service system and hierarchical structure under this framework are designed.A data interaction model for the integrated smart energy system is proposed，considering the needs of data interaction between different substations.To achieve five major security goals，components of this system is divided into three categories in view of different threats to network security.Based on the principles of network security protection for the system，zoning and isolation plans for the integrated smart energy system are proposed under this protection architecture.Finally，the feasibility of the network security protection architecture for integrated intelligent energy systems and its zoning and isolation schemes are evaluated in accordance with relevant evaluation indicators in Equal Protection 2.0.The results show that the architecture meets the standards of Equal Protection 2.0.

Key words: integrated intelligent energy system, network security threat analysis, network security protection architecture, multi-station integration, data interaction

CLC Number:

TK01

LIU Tao, LI Weihua, TANG Yi. Security protection of typical networks for integrated smart energy systems[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(5): 81-90.

Figures/Tables 12

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特点	具体含义	优点
多能源互补	风能、太阳能和热源协同能源供应	提高供电系统的可靠性和效率
三流合一	集成储能站和数据中心站的功能，实现能量、业务和数据流的协同作用	支持多种数据的增长以及外部业务的扩展
多向互动	综合智慧能源系统提供多负载生产和销售的集成	提高网络负载交互能力与需求响应电网的能力

标号	对应信息
1	时间同步数据
2，19	用户登录、操作等；网络拓扑；CPU利用率；设备配置
3	充电桩的状态；故障统计；报警信息；充电站供电系统的开关状态、保护信号等
4	控制充电桩启停、控制断路器、隔离开关的开闭指令
5	光伏发电站的电压、电流和功率
6	控制并网断路器开闭的命令，调节电站功率的命令
7	电池单元，模块和电池组的状态和测量信息
8	指令切断充放电回路，强制冷却；时间同步
9，15	变电站自动化系统、广域相量测量装置、继电保护装置、自控装置和集中控制站等的数据；火灾报警信息
10，16	命令控制隔离开关的闭合和断开，主变压器和站变压器的有载分接开关，保护/自动设备的复位等
11，20	主变压器高低压侧的电压、电流和负载
12，21	视频、安防等信息；温湿度、风电、SF₆气体浓度等
13	变压器/电容器、断路器和电容设备/避雷器监控信息
14，22，23	功耗数据
17，18，24	大扰动引起的功率参数变化
25，28，29	生产管理数据和信息
26	用于数据采集与监视控制系统分析的数据
27	其他站的数据
30，31	社会企业所需数据
32，33	用于数据中心站之间交换的数据

类型	安全威胁	安全要求
充电站	未经授权的访问、窃听、冒充、篡改、伪造、重放、DoS攻击	保密性、完整性、可用性、真实性和不可否认性
变电站、光伏发电站、储能站	窃听、篡改、伪造、重播、洪水攻击、错误消息攻击	保密性、完整性、可用性、真实性和不可否认性
数据中心站	窃听、篡改、伪造、重播、欺骗、DoS攻击	保密性、完整性、可用性、真实性

数据流向	隔离装置选择依据	隔离装置类型
一区A/B网络交换机↔二区A/B网络交换机	在生产控制大区和非生产控制区之间	工业防火墙
二区集成应用服务器→三/四区数据通信网关	从生产控制大区到管理信息大区	正向隔离装置
三/四区数据通信网关→二区综合应用服务器	从管理信息区到生产控制大区	反向隔离装置
一区A/B网络交换机→充电站	从生产控制大区到独立区	正向隔离装置
充电站（不包含电表）→一区A/B网络交换机	从独立区到生产控制大区	反向隔离装置
充电站（电表）→二区A/B网络交换机	从独立区到生产控制大区	反向隔离装置
一区数据通信网关↔电力调度数据网	从生产控制大区到广域网	纵向加密认证装置
二区数据通信网关↔电力调度数据网	从非生产控制大区到广域网	纵向加密认证装置

项目	安全控制点	符合程度
安全通信网络	网络架构	符合
安全通信网络	通信传输	符合
安全区域边界	边界防护	符合
	访问控制	符合
	入侵防范	符合
	安全审计	符合
安全环境计算	身份鉴别	符合
	安全审计	符合
	入侵防范	符合
	数据完整性	符合
	数据保密性	符合
安全管理中心	系统管理	符合
	审计管理	符合
	安全管理	符合
	集中管控	符合