Table of Content

25 August 2023, Volume 45 Issue 8

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Optimal Operation and Control Dual Carbon Projects Low-carbon Technical Economy

Optimal Operation and Control

Carbon flow tracking method of power systems based on the complex power distribution matrix

YAN Limei, HU Wenshuo

2023, 45(8):  1-10.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.001

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The proposal of the dual carbon target prompts the low carbon transformation of power systems. To obtain the carbon flow and distribution in a power grid， a carbon flow tracking method for power systems based on the complex power distribution matrix is proposed. The matrix is constructed based on precise carbon footprint tracking results. And the power generated by different units at each node in a lossy network is obtained. Then， a carbon emission model for thermal power units is constructed based on types of the units and their long-term operating data. Finally， based on the power supply-side carbon emissions and the conversion relationship between carbon flow and power flow obtained from the model， the carbon emission distributions varying with the loads， branches， and network losses are analyzed. The carbon emissions of network losses are divided according to the coupling relationship between active and reactive power， achieving accurate tracking of the carbon flow in the power system. The proposed model was tested in an IEEE 14 node system and an IEEE 30 node system， whose results verified the effectiveness of the carbon flow tracking model in calculating real-time carbon emissions of the power system， carbon emissions of different loads， branches and network losses. The model stated the influence of reactive power on carbon emissions，which can guide the carbon emission responsibility allocation on user side and the carbon emission reduction strategy making.

Prediction on the regional carbon emission factor for power generation based on multi-dimensional data and deep learning

LI Fangyi, LI Nan, ZHOU Yan, XIE Wu

2023, 45(8):  11-17.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.002

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With the support of carbon trading policy， the real-time， accurate and comprehensive measurement on power enterprises' carbon emissions is the basis for structure adjustment， technological innovation， supply and demand side interaction and carbon trading of power generation industry. The calculation and prediction on dynamic carbon emission factors is still limited by the data collection and transmission system. By taking deep learning， a prediction model， called GRU-Attention model， was built by combining dual attention mechanism with traditional Gate Recurrent Unit （GRU） neural network. Then， a GRU model， a Long Short-Term Memory （LSTM） model， a LSTM model based on dual attention mechanism（LSTM-Attention） and a GRU-Attention model were constructed and trained by the power data of Hefei in 2022 and average meteorological data of Hefei， to achieve hourly prediction on carbon emission factor. Comparing the prediction results made by the four models above， it is found that the prediction made by the GRU-Attention model is more accurate than that of the other three models， which can advance the mid- and long-term prediction on carbon emission factor.

Modified active disturbance rejection control on the post-combustion CO₂ capture system

LI Pengzhen, JIA Bingke, LIU Yanhong, WU Zhenlong

2023, 45(8):  18-25.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.003

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With the proposal of "dual carbon" target， the post-combustion carbon dioxide capture system has attracted wide attention， and its control has become a hot issue in academia. Due to the disturbance of flue gas flow， traditional controllers cannot satisfy the systems' requirement on flexible CO₂ capture. To make up for this shortcoming， a modified active disturbance rejection control（MADRC） method is proposed for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture systems. This control method modifies the linear active disturbance rejection control and introduces compensation function， improving the tracking and disturbance rejection ability of the carbon capture system. In addition， comparative simulations and Monte Carlo simulation experiments were conducted on a CO₂ capture system under different control strategies. At the capture rate set value of 88%， 96% and 90%， respectively， the MADRC was able to stabilize the system in a short time，which was about 125 s faster than that of active disturbance rejection control，and about 800 s faster than that of traditional PID control， indicating that the designed controller has good dynamic performance. Under the flue gas flow disturbance， the proposed controller can quickly suppress the disturbance， and according to Monte Carlo simulation results， the IAE and ISE indexes of the proposed controller are smaller than those of the active disturbance rejection controller and the traditional PID controller， indicating that the proposed controller has a strong robustness and anti-disturbance capability， verifying the effectiveness of the controller.

Dual Carbon Projects

Simulation for CO₂ emissions from private vehicles in Beijing under different energy strategies

HE Shuwei, HAN Yinghui, XU Wenbin, ZHANG Yuanxun, SHAN Yulong, YU Yunbo

2023, 45(8):  26-35.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.004

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In the context of global warming and climate change， reduction of carbon emissions has become a major concern. To solve this problem，the carbon emissions from private vehicles in Beijing with different energy policies are analysed. The number of private vehicles，energy consumptions of vehicles， emission coefficient of vehicles and carbon emissions from power generation are intensively studied. The carbon emission models of private vehicles， freight cars and vehicles for various purposes in Beijing are established by system dynamics， and their carbon emissions from 2030 and 2060 are studied. The models calculate the carbon emissions from private vehicles in Beijing between 2010 and 2060 under four scenarios： the basic scenario， electric vehicle （EV） substitution， clean energy， and combined utilization of EV substitution and clean energy. Although the carbon peaking can be achieved under all the four scenarios， but the goal can hardly be achieved by 2030 under the basic scenario. The other three scenario can accelerate the pursuit of the goal. Compared with the carbon emissions under the basic scenario， the carbon emissions from vehicles under clean energy scenario can be reduced by 5.7%， that under EV substitution scenario can be reduced by 20.0%， and that with combined utilization of EV substitution and clean energy can be reduced by 34.3%. It can be seen that the EV substitution strategy implemented at user end is prior to the clean energy strategy implemented at source end. However， the combination of clean energy strategy and EV substitution strategy demonstrates a synergistic effect in carbon emission reduction， surpassing the sum of the reduction made by the two strategies. The sensitivity analysis reveals that EV substitution at consumption end， clean energy generation at source side， and the combustion efficiency of diesel and gasoline engines are the primary factors influencing carbon emissions. This study provides insightful information for decision-makers， promoting low-carbon development of energy and transportation sectors in Beijing， and offering a new perspective for researches on carbon emissions from these two sectors.

Measurement analysis on carbon emissions from agriculture industry in Jilin province and the influencing factors

LI Feifei, XU Huiwei, WANG Shuhong, CUI Jindong

2023, 45(8):  36-43.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.005

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To fulfil China's"dual carbon"commitment，it is crucial to alleviate and accurately calculate the carbon emissions from agriculture industry，and study the temporal variation and influencing factors of the carbon emissions.The agricultural carbon emissions are measured by emission coefficient method with agricultural production factors of Jilin province from 2000 to 2021 as the input data.And the influencing factors of agricultural carbon emissions are analysed by Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index（LMDI），and the influencing mechanism is studied intensively，based on which the feasible carbon reduction policy was recommended for Jilin province.The study suggests that，to implement the agricultural carbon reduction strategy in Jilin province， refined management should be executed on agriculture industry，for example，strictly control on the input quantity of factors of production. Furthermore，agriculture wastes，such as straws，should be turned into resources by diversified methods.And the investment in agricultural mechanization and skilled labour training should be increased.A full-process digital industrial chain is being establishing based on the agricultural electrification and updating of agricultural machinery，so as to drive the low-carbon development through digitization of agriculture industry.

Analysis on the construction path of functional zero-carbon parks

LIU Tianyang, GAO Yajing, XIE Dian, ZHAO Liang

2023, 45(8):  44-52.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.006

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The park is a core component of industrial agglomeration development. The construction of zero-carbon parks is significant for regions in realizing carbon peak， carbon neutrality and high-quality development. Since functional parks， such as business parks， logistic parks and campuses， are of clear carbon emission sources，apparent paths for carbon reduction and good demonstration effects，these parks are the key to zero-carbon park construction. To facilitate the construction of zero-carbon functional parks， a replicable implementation method should be formulated. The related definitions， industrial development status and related policies of zero-carbon parks are summarized. According to the characteristics of the energy demand and carbon emissions of functional parks，a five-step method for zero-carbon park construction is proposed， which includes assessment on carbon emission，analysis on key zero-carbon technologies，planning of park reconstruction，system operation monitoring and comprehensive evaluation. Taking a business park as the example， the key factors affecting the cost and benefit of the park taking zero-carbon reconstruction are analyzed， and the comprehensive evaluation on relevant indicators is conducted. The results show that the payback period of the IEC park is eight years，and its cost and benefit are highly related to the installed capacity of PV units and trading price of carbon sink. If 50% park area is covered with PV modules， and the trading price of carbon sink reaches at 500 yuan/t，the payback period can be reduced to 6.7 years. The proposed planning method of functional zero-carbon parks can be widely used in various scenarios， such as office areas，campuses and hospitals.

Low-carbon Technical Economy

Analysis on development and key technologies of integrated intelligent energy in the context of carbon neutrality

TENG Jialun, LI Hongzhong

2023, 45(8):  53-63.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.007

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Integrated intelligent energy is an energy system that can achieve intelligent, efficient, green and safe energy production, transmission, storage, consumption and management by integrating information and communication technology, energy, intelligent manufacturing and other technical means. It is not only a technological revolution，but also a revolution in energy industry，transforming traditional energy systems into intelligent，integrated and green systems.Relying on energy data collection，transmission and processing，an integrated intelligent energy system can optimized energy allocation and manage energy precisely，thereby achieving sustainable development.In the analysis on the key technologies and development direction of integrated intelligent energy under the background of carbon neutrality，the development status of integrated intelligent energy at home and abroad is introduced，then its connotations and technical architecture are elaborated.The key technologies can be sorted into six groups：energy production，energy transmission，energy storage，energy consumption，intelligent energy and multi-energy synergistic optimization.According to the core issues of each technology pointed out in the analysis，four suggestions are put forward：promoting the construction of intelligent power market，enhancing energy data management capabilities，boosting the power supply business on user end，and developing core technologies and equipment independently in China.

Carbon-economy analysis on energy supply methods for rural buildings based on Trnsys energy consumption prediction

HU Kaiyong, LIU Feng, WU Xiujie, HU Yunqing, ZHENG Yi, TIAN Shen

2023, 45(8):  64-71.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.008

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To achieve carbon neutrality，biomass and solar power are of promising prospects in rural areas. A 3D model based on rural housings in Qian'an city，Hebei province is constructed. Energy consumption of these buildings is predicted by Trnsys，and the model is validated by measured data. Analyzing the carbon emissions and economy of different energy supply methods for the buildings，it is found that the heating mode with natural gas as fuel can reduce the carbon emissions to 2 019.75 kg/a，and the heating mode integrating biomass and standard coal can bring the cost down to 1 034.42 yuan/a. If PV power generation system is installed，the heating mode integrating biomass and air conditioning will reduce the cost to 464.62 yuan/a，and the carbon emissions to 3 060.56 kg/a， which is only second to that emitted from the gas heater. Utilizing natural gas，biomass and solar energy reasonably is an effective technique for improving the economy of heating and reducing the CO₂ emission.

Low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy systems considering load characteristics

LI Bohang, LI Hongzhong, ZHANG Minyuan

2023, 45(8):  72-79.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.009

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With the continuous advancement of "double carbon" target，to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of a power-thermal integrated energy system（IES），and stabilize load fluctuations and reduce carbon emissions，a low-carbon economy dispatch strategy for the IES taking the characteristics of power and heat loads into account is proposed. An energy hub model of the IES can reflect the characteristics of flexible power and heat loads on user side. The objective function aims at minimizing the sum of carbon trading cost and operation cost of the IES. Solved by Cplex solver，the day-ahead operation cost and carbon trading cost of the IES under two scenarios are obtained. According to the simulation results，the reduction of the IES day-ahead operation cost and carbon trading cost made by flexible power and heat loads under carbon trading mechanism is expounded. Flexible loads can lower the IES day-ahead operation cost by smoothing the load curve and diminishing peak-valley difference， so as to alleviate the source-load contradiction and carbon emissions.

Low-carbon economic scheduling of deep peak regulating market with the participation of wind power，thermal power，storage and carbon capture units considering demand response

YU Haibin, GAO Yiling, LU Zengjie, DONG Shuai, LU Lin, REN Yizhi

2023, 45(8):  80-89.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.08.010

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Under the "dual carbon" target， it is necessary to vigorously develop clean energy and keep the guarantee role of thermal power. In order to adapt the market mechanism on both source and load end to the peak-load shaving requirements of the power grid with high permeability of renewable energy，a multi-source deep peak regulation （DPR） model with the participation of wind power，thermal power，storage and carbon capture units is proposed based on priced-based demand response（PBDR），and the characteristics of the demand response mechanism are analysed. The model not only solves the excessive energy loss， high cost， high carbon emissions and lack of motivation in participating in DPR of thermal power units， but also optimizes their output and load curves， working well on peak-load shifting， peak regulation cost reduction and pressure alleviation. Numerical study examples show that the proposed model is effective in improving wind power consumption， and reducing the coal consumption， operation cost and deep peak regulation times of thermal power units. Carbon capture units can further reduce the carbon emissions and facilitate energy storage units' earnings from participation in DPR. The pricing strategy considering the cost characteristics of thermal-storage units realizes the economic and low-carbon DRP of power grid.