太阳能空调与热泵技术进展及应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1951.2021.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前日益增长的建筑能耗需求与“双碳”目标背道而驰,通过新型节能技术降低建筑能耗势在必行。太阳能空调与热泵技术,可细分为光热与光伏驱动的供热制冷技术,是将太阳能与建筑供能相结合,实现太阳能规模化应用的潜在发展途径。对目前太阳能供热制冷主要技术路线进行总结,主要有热驱动的吸收式制冷/热泵循环、吸附式制冷、除湿空调,电驱动的光伏空调、直膨式热泵、光伏/光热一体化（PVT）热泵等,并对相关技术的研究进展做简要介绍。太阳能空调与热泵技术近年来在能效提升、驱动温区扩展与环境适应性增强等方面取得进展,未来可进一步结合建筑用能需求提高系统供能多样性,利用太阳能推动建筑用能的绿色化转型。

关键词: “双碳”目标, 太阳能空调, 太阳能热泵, 吸收式循环, 除湿空调, PVT热泵

Abstract:

The increasing energy consumption by buildings runs counter to the goal of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking.Consequently,it is imperative to reduce building energy consumption through new energy-saving technologies.Solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies integrating solar power and energy supply for buildings provide a potential development path to large-scale application of solar energy.They can be subdivided into heating and cooling technologies driven by solar energy or photovoltaic power.The main technical routs of solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies are enumerated,including thermally driven absorption cooling /heating pumps,adsorption cooling,desiccant air conditioning,air conditioners driven by electricity and PV power,direct expansion heat pumps and photovoltaic/thermal （PVT） heat pumps.The progresses of the related technologies are also briefly introduced.The solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies have made progress in improving energy efficiency,broadening the driven temperature range and enhancing environmental adaptability.Considering the energy demand of buildings,the technologies can advance the energy supply diversity and promote the green transformation of building energy.

Key words: carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, solar air conditioning, solar heat pump, absorption cycle, desiccant air conditioning, PVT heat pump

中图分类号:

TK519

陈尔健, 贾腾, 姚剑, 代彦军. 太阳能空调与热泵技术进展及应用[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(11): 40-48.

CHEN Erjian, JIA Teng, YAO Jian, DAI Yanjun. Progresses and applications of solar air conditioning and heat pump technologies[J]. Huadian Technology, 2021, 43(11): 40-48.

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太阳能供热制冷技术进展	适用场景	优点	COP_th	COP_ele
变效(1.N效)溴化锂吸收式制冷机组	商用	无极变效、单双效之间COP连续提升	0.69~1.10	—
单效风冷绝热吸收闪蒸制冷机组	家庭户用	体积小、风冷一体结构	0.64~0.76	—
采用除湿换热器的连续型除湿空调系统	商用	高效除湿,可实现热湿独立控制	0.34	—
热泵/太阳能驱动浓度差蓄冷/制冷循环	商用	可结合峰谷电价提高经济性	—	—
直膨式太阳能热泵	商用/家庭户用	高效稳定供热,受辐照强度影响较小	—	4.47
低温型直膨式太阳能热泵	商用/家庭户用	适应北方低温环境工况	—	2.51
直膨式太阳能辅助PVT热泵	商用/家庭户用	实现太阳能热电联产	—	8.00
太阳能辅助单级氨水平衡式再吸收热泵	商用	驱动温度低至85 ℃	1.55	—
基于GAX的两级平衡多重回热式再吸收热泵	商用	驱动温度低至73 ℃,低温适应性强	1.45	—
再吸收与蒸汽压缩耦合热泵	商用	稳定性好,低温适应性强	—	2.38
双热源驱动的GAX氨水吸收式热泵	商用	内部回热,热力性能好	1.80	—