“地热能+”在工程实践中的综合梯级应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面向我国碳达峰、碳中和的战略需求,迫切需要解决节能减排问题并提高清洁能源利用率,结合国内地热发展情况,对地热能的利用方式进行研究。地热能的应用模式由原来仅用于发电或取暖这种单一、粗放型向梯级利用、集成应用型发展。根据某景区地热和太阳能资源条件,设计了一种新型地热能综合梯级利用方案,即将地热水依次用来发电、制冷、干燥、洗浴。由于地热水经过管道运输散热后仅为80~90 ℃,国产发电机组无法用其进行发电,需利用太阳能光热将地热水温度提高至93 ℃后再进行发电;发电后地热水可用来制冷,水温由75 ℃降至65 ℃;制冷后的地热水再用来干燥,水温由65 ℃降至50 ℃;最后50 ℃的地热水用来洗浴。所提出的“地热能+”综合梯级利用方案可实现热泵机组、水泵等设备的近零碳供电,可提高能源利用率,降低运行成本,实现能源可持续性发展。

关键词: 碳达峰, 碳中和, 地热能+, 梯级利用, 地热发电, 地热制冷, 地热干燥, 地热洗浴, 清洁供热, 综合能源系统

Abstract:

To achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China, and to realize energy conservation, emission reduction and clean energy utilization rate improvement, geothermal resource application methods are summarized based on the storage of geothermal energy in China. The geothermal energy application mode has developed from the single and extensive one, such as power generation or heating only,to a cascade and integrated one. According to the conditions of geothermal and solar energy of a scenic spot, a new comprehensive cascade utilization scheme for geothermal energy is designed, in which geothermal water is successively used for power generation, cooling, drying and bathing. Since the temperature of geothermal water is only 80-90 ℃ after heat dissipation in pipes, it cannot be applied for power generation by domestic generator sets. The temperature of geothermal water heated to 93 ℃ by solar energy can be used to generate electricity.Then the temperature of geothermal water drops from 75 ℃ to 65 ℃ after cooling, and reduces from 65 ℃ to 50 ℃ after drying. Finally, it reaches at 50 ℃ and is used for bathing. The "geothermal energy +" comprehensive cascade utilization scheme realizes the “near-zero carbon” power supply of heat pump units, water pumps and other equipment, improves energy utilization rate, reduces operating costs and achieves the sustainable development of energy.

Key words: carbon peaking, carbon neutrality, geothermal energy +, cascade utilization, geothermal power generation, geothermal cooling, geothermal drying, geothermal bathing, clean heating, integrated energy system

中图分类号:

TK91

姜曙, 刘芳芳, 刘媛媛, 陈启召, 连丽, 任梦楠. “地热能+”在工程实践中的综合梯级应用[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(9): 59-64.

JIANG Shu, LIU Fangfang, LIU Yuanyuan, CHEN Qizhao, LIAN Li, REN Mengnan. Comprehensive cascade application of "geothermal energy +" in engineering practice[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(9): 59-64.

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钻井编号	流量/（m³·d^-1）	井口温度/℃
ZK1	590	92
ZK2	578	95
ZK3	187	90
ZK4	264	95

月份	总辐射量/（MJ·m^-²）	散射辐射/(MJ·m^-²）	温度/℃	风速/(m·s^-1）
1	453	238	21.2	4.5
2	395	243	21.2	3.7
3	521	292	23.1	3.6
4	568	327	25.2	3.2
5	614	328	27.3	2.7
6	576	288	27.4	2.8
7	584	301	27.1	2.9
8	599	300	27.1	3.0
9	492	310	25.9	3.2
10	509	255	25.1	4.2
11	435	221	23.4	4.5
12	394	211	20.6	4.5
平均	512	276	24.6	3.6
合计	6 140	3 314

等级（符号）	分级阈值
等级（符号）	总辐射/[kW·h·（m²·a）^-1]	总辐射/[MJ·（m²·a）^-1]
最丰富（A）	≥1 750	≥6 300
很丰富（B）	≥1 400~1 750	≥5 040~6 300
丰富（C）	≥1 050~1 400	≥3 780~5 040
一般（D）	<1 050	<3 780

等级名称（符号）	分级阈值
很稳定（A）	≥0.47
稳定（B）	≥0.36~0.47
一般（C）	≥0.28~0.36
欠稳定（D）	<0.28

等级（符号）	分级阈值	等级说明
很高（A）	≥0.60	直接辐射主导
高（B）	≥0.50~0.60	直接辐射较多
中（C）	≥0.35~0.50	散射辐射较多
低（D）	<0.35	散射辐射主导