基于知识图谱的数据中心综合能源系统研究综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.07.001

综合智慧能源 ›› 2023, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1-10.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.07.001

• 综合能源系统 • 下一篇

基于知识图谱的数据中心综合能源系统研究综述

王永真¹^,²(), 韩艺博¹, 韩恺¹^,²^,^*(), 韩俊涛¹, 宋阔¹, 张兰兰¹

1.北京理工大学机械与车辆学院，北京 100083
2.北京理工大学重庆创新中心，重庆 401120

收稿日期:2023-05-17 修回日期:2023-06-19 接受日期:2023-07-05 出版日期:2023-07-25
通讯作者: *韩恺（1978），男，教授，博士，从事能源动力系统控制及优化等方面的研究，autosim@bit.edu.cn。
作者简介:王永真（1988），男，副教授，博士，从事综合智慧能源、氢能动力系统、热力循环等方面的研究，wyz80hou@bit.edu.cn；
韩艺博（2000），男，在读硕士研究生，从事综合能源系统建模优化等方面的研究；
韩俊涛（1994），男，在读博士研究生，从事综合能源系统建模优化等方面的研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52006114)

Researches on data center integrated energy systems based on knowledge graph

WANG Yongzhen¹^,²(), HAN Yibo¹, HAN Kai¹^,²^,^*(), HAN Juntao¹, SONG Kuo¹, ZHANG Lanlan¹

1. School of Mechanical Engineering， Beijing Institute of Technology， Beijing 100083， China
2. Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center， Chongqing 401120， China

Received:2023-05-17 Revised:2023-06-19 Accepted:2023-07-05 Published:2023-07-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52006114)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为数字经济时代的关键基础设施，数据中心的能耗和碳排放问题将日益突出。为全面揭示全球数据中心的研究进展，提出基于综合能源系统视角的知识图谱科学计量方法。该方法从研究趋势、理论方法及工程案例等多维度对数据中心综合能源系统的最新研究进行分析。首先，对全球数据中心能量研究领域科技论文的国际合作情况、分布特征及研究热点进行定性与定量分析。对采用能源梯级利用、多能互补以及源网荷储一体化的数据中心综合能源系统进行研究，并对其规划设计、运行评价、计算求解进行分析。分析发现，数据中心能源系统正不断走向包含经济和低碳的多维度全局优化。最后，鉴于传统数据中心综合能源系统评价指标——电能利用效率（PUE）的局限性，提出了新的评价指标及体系。

关键词: 数据中心, 综合能源系统, 知识图谱, 电能利用效率, 碳中和, 多能互补, 源网荷储一体化

Abstract:

As a key infrastructure in digital economy era， the energy consumption and carbon emissions of data centers are becoming increasingly prominent， and a series of research has been conducted by global scholars in the past decade. To comprehensively reveal the progress of global data center energy consumption researches， this article proposes a perspective based on integrated energy system and a metric method based on knowledge graph， and conducts a review of the latest research on the integrated energy system of data center from various aspects such as research trends， theoretical method and engineering cases. Firstly， a qualitative and quantitative analysis is conducted on international collaboration， characteristic distribution， and research hotspots in the field of global data center energy research based on scientific publications. Based on this， the article focuses on the research of data center integrated energy systems， which involve energy cascading utilization， multi-energy complementarity， and source-grid-load-storage integration. It analyzes the planning and design， operational evaluation， computational solution methods， and key points of data center integrated energy systems， revealing that the energy systems of data centers are constantly moving towards multidimensional global optimization that includes economic and low-carbon aspects. Finally， the article discusses the inapplicability of traditional PUE in data center integrated energy systems and preliminarily proposes evaluation indicators and systems for data center energy systems.

Key words: data center, integrated energy system, knowledge graph, PUE, carbon neutrality, multi-energy complementarity, source-grid-load-storage integration

中图分类号:

TK01

王永真, 韩艺博, 韩恺, 韩俊涛, 宋阔, 张兰兰. 基于知识图谱的数据中心综合能源系统研究综述[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(7): 1-10.

WANG Yongzhen, HAN Yibo, HAN Kai, HAN Juntao, SONG Kuo, ZHANG Lanlan. Researches on data center integrated energy systems based on knowledge graph[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(7): 1-10.

图/表 5

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文献	求解方法/求解工具	优化目标	优化变量
[3]	单目标；Matlab	能源成本	不同地理分布的数据中心负载及热电联产系统出力
[49]	单目标；GAMS，CPLEX	初始投资成本、运维成本，碳排放量	容量配置、调度策略
[45]	单目标优化对比	外部电力采购成本/总体能源成本	耗电量、发电量
[46]	单目标；CPLEX	运行成本	热电联产机组的调度、工作负荷、冷却资源、储能充放电
[47]	单目标；GUROBI，CPLEX，MOSEK	年度成本（包括投资成本和超过调度期限的电力和氢气成本）	各设备调度
[48]	多目标对比分析	提高能源利用率、减少废热排放	各设备调度
[50]	单目标：GAMS，CPLEX	总运行成本	电力市场交互，设备调度
[51]	多目标转化为单目标（加权方法）；Matlab，CPLEX	年度总成本、碳排放	各设备装机容量
[52]	单目标；Matlab，GUROBI	运行成本(包括供能成本和碳交易成本)	冷热电供应调度
[53]	多目标；GAMS，LINDOGLOBAL；	年碳排放量、年总费用	各设备容量配置及出力情况
[54]	多目标；GAMS	总利润、碳排放	各设备调度、电网购售电、需求响应
[55]	单目标	年度能源成本	设备启停、电网购售电
[56]	单目标；基于粒子群算法、遗传算法	综合经济成本	设备容量大小，混合储能运行策略

基于知识图谱的数据中心综合能源系统研究综述

Researches on data center integrated energy systems based on knowledge graph

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