西北地区近零能耗建筑围护结构多目标优化研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.12.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对近零能耗建筑投资成本高以及西北地区近零能耗建筑建设水平参差不齐等问题，以某既有近零能耗建筑为研究对象，综合考虑能耗、成本、碳排放及室内舒适度等多项建筑性能指标，采用试验研究和TRNSYS仿真模拟相结合的方法，从能耗、成本、碳排放和室内舒适度等多个性能指标出发，对围护结构进行优化。研究结果表明：在最优围护结构组合方案，即天花板和外墙保温材料为聚苯板和聚氨酯，外墙、天花板保温层厚度分别为100，110 mm，西向、南向和北向窗墙比分别为0.05，0.28，0.30，外窗遮阳系数为0.38时，建筑成本较原始方案降低了9.8%，碳排放、能耗以及预测平均评价指数较原始方案分别提升了9.7%，12.1%，10.3%，不满意度占比降低了28.4%，建筑综合性能得以提升。

关键词: 西北地区, 近零能耗建筑, 围护结构, 碳排放, 预测平均评价指数, 不满意度占比, 多目标优化

Abstract:

To address the high investment costs of nearly zero-energy buildings （nZEBs） and the uneven construction quality of such buildings in Northwest China， an existing nZEB is selected as the research subject. By comprehensively considering multiple building performance indicators， including energy consumption， cost， carbon emissions， and indoor comfort， an optimization of the envelope structure was conducted. This was achieved through a combination of experimental research and TRNSYS simulation. The optimization process evaluated multiple performance metrics， including energy consumption， cost， carbon emissions， and indoor comfort. The results indicated that under the optimal envelope configuration—where the insulation materials for the ceiling and external walls were polystyrene board and polyurethane， and the insulation layer thicknesses for external walls and ceilings were 100 mm and 110 mm， respectively， with window-to-wall ratios of 0.05， 0.28， and 0.30 for the west， south， and north walls， and an external window shading coefficient of 0.38—the building cost decreased by 9.8% compared to the original design. Meanwhile， improvements were observed in carbon emissions（9.7%）， energy consumption（12.1%）， and predicted mean vote（10.3%）， with the predicted percentage dissatisfied reduced by 28.4%. These findings enhance the comprehensive performance of the building.

Key words: Northwest China, nearly zero-energy buildings, envelope structures, carbon emissions, PMV, PPD, multi-objective optimization

中图分类号:

TK018

甄箫斐, 李尚娥, 张永恒, 焦若楠, 吴文兵. 西北地区近零能耗建筑围护结构多目标优化研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(12): 81-90.

ZHEN Xiaofei, LI Shang'e, ZHANG Yongheng, JIAO Ruonan, WU Wenbing. Research on multi-objective optimization of envelope structures for nearly zero-energy buildings in Northwest China[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(12): 81-90.

图/表 20

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

表2

优化变量及优化目标约束范围

项目	约束范围
外墙厚度（岩棉+聚苯板）/mm	50 $∼$ 150
外墙厚度（聚氨酯）/mm	20 $∼$ 100
天花板保温层厚度/mm	20 $∼$ 250
西向窗墙比	0.04 $∼$ 0.35
南向窗墙比	0.24 $∼$ 0.50
北向窗墙比	0.25 $∼$ 0.30
PMV	-1 $∼$ 1
PPD/%	≤20

表2

表3

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

表4

表5

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名称	数量/个	规格型号
温湿度传感器	60	JTH-2D1卡轨式，精度：温度，±0.2 ℃；相对湿度，±2% RH
电源开关	1	LRS明纬开关电源400W/12V
4路RS485集线器	1	JPX-6104
USB转RS485	1	1.1 m，进口双芯片
双绞屏蔽线RVSP2芯		纯铜芯铜网ZR-RVSP，100 m， 4芯，0.5 mm²
分线盒	30	3进15出
三脚架	15	高2.1 m

围护结构	材料	厚度/mm	密度/（kg·m^-3）	碳排放系数
外墙	岩棉	150.0	120	1 980.00
	水泥砂浆	10.0	2 300	396.00
	基层水泥	300.0	3 100	260.20
地板	聚苯板	120.0	25	5.64
地板	基层水泥	131.7	1 000	260.20
天花板	聚苯板	120.0	25	5.64
天花板	基层水泥	141.7	1 000	260.20
窗户	铝包木	43.0	2 500	122.50

方案	年耗电量/ (kW·h)	全生命周期碳排放量/t	成本/ 万元	PMV	PPD/%
原始方案	43 130.00	674 850.000 0	773.97	-0.39	20.11
最优解	37 927.18	609 712.410 2	697.58	-0.35	14.39