考虑负荷需求响应的配电网三相不平衡优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新能源发电、可控负荷、储能在配电网中渗透率不断提高，对电网安全稳定运行带来了挑战，增大了潮流优化及其三相不平衡问题分析的难度。引入负荷需求响应和可换相负荷概念，构建考虑可换相的节点负荷需求响应模型，通过负荷可时移、可中断及可换相特性，改善各相节点负荷功率分布情况；同时，构建节点电储能（EES）运行特性模型，进一步改善三相配电网运行指标。在Matlab环境中定义模型求解变量，设定收敛精度等参数并调用CPLEX求解器，对三相配电网最优潮流模型求解，设置不同场景对比分析，数据分析表明，在IEEE 33算例系统中多因素灵活调节能够有效降低配电网三相不平衡度指标。

关键词: 不平衡度指标, 负荷需求响应, 分布式能源, 配电网三相潮流, 可换相负荷, 智能电网, 新能源

Abstract:

The increasing penetration of new energy generation， controllable loads， and energy storage in the distribution network has posed challenges to the safe and stable operation of power grids， making it more difficult to analyze power flow optimization and the three-phase imbalance issue. The concepts of load demand response and phase-switchable loads were introduced to construct a node load demand response model considering phase switching. By utilizing the characteristics of shiftable， interruptible， and phase-switchable loads， the power distribution among phase nodes was improved. At the same time， a node energy storage operation model was constructed to further improve the operation indexes of the three-phase distribution network. In the Matlab environment， the model solving variables were defined， the convergence accuracy and other parameters were set， the CPLEX solver was invoked to solve the optimal power flow model of the three-phase distribution network， and different scenarios were set for comparative analysis. The data analysis showed that the multi-factor flexible adjustment could effectively reduce the three-phase imbalance indexes of the distribution network in the IEEE 33 example system.

Key words: index of unbalance degree, load demand response, distributed energy, three-phase power flow of distribution network, phase-switchable load, smart grid, new energy

中图分类号:

TK019：TM73

崔再岳, 杨扬, 王立地. 考虑负荷需求响应的配电网三相不平衡优化[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(3): 92-101.

CUI Zaiyue, YANG Yang, WANG Lidi. Three-phase unbalance optimization of distribution network considering load demand response[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(3): 92-101.

图/表 19

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

图16

图17

表2

参考文献 21

[1]	黄哲洙, 金鹏, 王洋, 等. 含光伏发电的配电网分布式状态估计方法[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42(7): 167-178.
	HUANG Zhezhu, JIN Peng, WANG Yang, et al. Distributed state estimation for distribution network with photovoltaic power generation[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42(7): 167-178.
[2]	鲁宗相, 林弋莎, 乔颖, 等. 极高比例可再生能源电力系统的灵活性供需平衡[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(16): 3-16.
	LU Zongxiang, LIN Yisha, QIAO Ying, et al. Flexibility supply-demand balance in power system with ultra-high proportion of renewable energy[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(16): 3-16.
[3]	钱达, 陈浩, 马刚. 基于改进正余弦算法的配电网无功优化[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(10): 40-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.10.006
	QIAN Da, CHEN Hao, MA Gang. Reactive power optimal scheduling of distribution network based on improved sine-cosine algorithm[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(10): 40-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.10.006
[4]	田浩, 王可庆, 俞斌, 等. 考虑多类型负荷及风光不确定性的配电网优化规划[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2021, 33(9): 144-150.
	TIAN Hao, WANG Keqing, YU Bin, et al. Optimal planning for distribution network considering multi-type load and uncertainties in wind power and photovoltaic[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2021, 33(9): 144-150.
[5]	吴在军, 成晟, 朱承治, 等. 三相不平衡有源配电网鲁棒动态重构[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(5): 66-74.
	WU Zaijun, CHENG Sheng, ZHU Chengzhi, et al. Robust dynamic reconfiguration of three-phase unbalanced active distribution network[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(5): 66-74.
[6]	冯侃, 魏立保, 吴兆彬, 等. 基于集群划分的含高比例户用光伏配电网电压控制研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(2): 60-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.02.006
	FENG Kan, WEI Libao, WU Zhaobin, et al. Research on voltage control of distribution networks with high-proportion household photovoltaics based on cluster division[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(2): 60-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.02.006
[7]	张惠, 晏庭林, 华宝桦, 等. 配网三相负荷不平衡自动调度方法[J]. 自动化应用, 2023(22): 52-54.
	ZHANG Hui, YAN Tinglin, HUA Baohua, et al. Automatic scheduling method of three-phase load imbalance in distribution network[J]. Automation Application, 2023(22): 52-54.
[8]	NIRBHAVANE P S, CORSON L, RIZVI S M H, et al. TPCPF: Three-phase continuation power flow tool for voltage stability assessment of distribution networks with distributed energy resources[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2021, 57(5): 5425-5436.
[9]	孙峰洲. 三相不平衡配网多目标优化迭代求解方法[J]. 可再生能源, 2023, 41(8): 1065-1070.
	SUN Fengzhou. A multi-objective iterative optimization method for three-phase unbalanced distribution net-works[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2023, 41(8): 1065-1070.
[10]	唐巍, 李天锐, 张璐, 等. 基于三相四线制最优潮流的低压配电网光伏-储能协同控制[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(12): 31-40.
	TANG Wei, LI Tianrui, ZHANG Lu, et al. Coordinated control of photovoltaic and energy storage system in low-voltage distribution networks based on three-phase four-wire optimal power flow[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(12): 31-40.
[11]	LIU B, MENG K, DONG Z Y, et al. Load balancing in low-voltage distribution network via phase reconfiguration: An efficient sensitivity-based approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2021, 36(4): 2174-2185.
[12]	胡明月, 张慧芬, 苗淑平, 等. 基于改进鸽群算法的台区三相负荷不平衡相序调整方法[J]. 中国电力, 2022, 55(9): 121-128.
	HU Mingyue, ZHANG Huifen, MIAO Shuping, et al. Phase sequence adjustment method for three-phase load imbalance in station area based on improved pigeon-inspired optimization[J]. Electric Power, 2022, 55(9): 121-128.
[13]	王佳颖, 史俊祎, 文福拴, 等. 计及需求响应的光热电站热电联供型微网的优化运行[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(1): 176-185.
	WANG Jiaying, SHI Junyi, WEN Fushuan, et al. Optimal operation of CHP microgrid with concentrating solar power plants considering demand response[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(1): 176-185.
[14]	王子驰, 雷炳银, 杨灵艺, 等. 考虑电热联合需求响应的区域综合能源系统多目标双层优化调度[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2021, 33(7): 120-127.
	WANG Zichi, LEI Bingyin, YANG Lingyi, et al. Multi-objective double-step optimal dispatching of regional integrated energy system considering combined electric and heat demand response[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2021, 33(7): 120-127.
[15]	伍鸿兵, 罗勇, 王嵩, 等. 计及分布式电源接入的三相不平衡配电网无功优化研究[J]. 计算技术与自动化, 2020, 39(3): 17-21, 36.
	WU Hongbing, LUO Yong, WANG Song, et al. Research on reactive power optimization of three-phase unbalanced distribution network with access of distributed power supply[J]. Computing Technology and Automation, 2020, 39(3): 17-21, 36.
[16]	赵波, 胡娟, 程怡捷, 等. 一种配变三相负荷不平衡的自动均衡控制方法[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2022, 37(1): 41-47.
	ZHAO Bo, HU Juan, CHENG Yijie, et al. An automatic balancing control method on unbalanced three-phase loads of distribution transformer[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2022, 37(1): 41-47.
[17]	符杨, 刘冀宁, 周晓鸣, 等. 不平衡主动配电网综合直接潮流算法[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(6): 2281-2292.
	FU Yang, LIU Jining, ZHOU Xiaoming, et al. A comprehensive direct load flow algorithm for unbalanced active distribution networks[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(6): 2281-2292.
[18]	马瑞, 郭光. 含优先利用风电能量枢纽主动配电网三相不平衡随机模糊动态潮流方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(3): 590-602.
	MA Rui, GUO Guang. Three-phase unbalanced random fuzzy dynamic power flow method for active distribution network containing energy hubs with priority utilization of wind power[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(3): 590-602.
[19]	时圣尧, 姜明磊, 张贺一, 等. 高比例风电接入的送端混合级联直流输电系统无功协调控制策略[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(11): 83-91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.11.010
	SHI Shengyao, JIANG Minglei, ZHANG Heyi, et al. Reactive power coordination control strategy for sending-end hybrid cascaded HVDC transmission system with high proportion of wind power integration[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(11): 83-91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.11.010
[20]	尹爱辉, 林祺蓉, 王俏俏, 等. 考虑不确定性的三相不平衡配网DG选址定容研究[J]. 电测与仪表, 2020, 57(6): 38-45.
	YIN Aihui, LIN Qirong, WANG Qiaoqiao, et al. Distributed generations optimal locating and sizing in unbalanced three phase distribution systems considering the uncertainties[J]. Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation, 2020, 57(6): 38-45.
[21]	吴斌, 单来支, 王庆, 等. 基于三相不平衡的分布式光伏接入配电网的优化配置研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47(24): 108-114.
	WU Bin, SHAN Laizhi, WANG Qing, et al. Research on optimal configuration of distributed photovoltaic access distribution network based on three-phase unbalance[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47(24): 108-114.

指标	数值
三相不平衡度/%	9.39
网损标幺值	1.59
电压偏移标幺值	0.27
负荷中断功率标幺值	0.83
弃风光功率标幺值	2.96×10^-8
中断补偿成本/元	0.05
SVC出力成本/元	0.66

指标	场景1	场景2	场景3	场景4
三相不平衡度/%	15.87	11.47	10.51	9.39
网损标幺值	2.09	1.73	1.63	1.59
电压偏移标幺值	0.30	0.31	0.28	0.27
负荷中断功率标幺值	0.00	0.00	1.05	0.83
弃风光功率标幺值	5.85×10^-6	1.30×10^-5	6.66×10^-6	2.96×10^-8
中断补偿成本/元	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.05
SVC出力成本/元	0.69	0.68	0.68	0.66