基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法的分布式光伏储能系统优化配置方法

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在电力系统“双高”背景下，可再生能源发电快速增长，对配电网稳定性构成挑战，研究储能优化配置对提高分布式光伏消纳能力及配电网经济可靠运行具有重要意义。针对配电网的电压支撑需求与经济运行需求，提出了一种基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法的分布式储能双层多目标优化配置方法。在外层选址定容模型中，以分布式储能的位置和容量为决策变量，综合考虑储能总成本、配电网电压偏移和负荷波动，以提升配电网电压稳定性与经济性；在内层优化运行模型中，以储能的充放电状态为决策变量，考虑储能安装后的运营收益，以提高经济性；利用电压稳定指数识别系统中电压稳定性薄弱的节点作为预选址节点，以提高求解效率。算例分析表明，该储能配置方案及运行优化策略可实现储能投资效益最优，有效改善电网电压质量和功率稳定性，提高配电网运行水平。

关键词: 可再生能源, 分布式储能, 配电网, 双层优化配置模型, NSGA-Ⅲ算法, 电压稳定指数, 预选址

Abstract:

Under the context of the "dual high" scenario in the power system，where both high renewable energy penetration and rapid growth coexist，challenges arise for the stability of the distribution network. Research into the optimization and configuration of energy storage is crucial for improving the consumption capacity of distributed photovoltaic energy and ensuring the economic and reliable operation of the distribution network. To address the voltage support requirements and economic operation needs of the distribution network，a bi-level multi-objective optimization configuration method for distributed energy storage based on the NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm was proposed. In the outer-layer sitting and sizing model，the location and capacity of distributed energy storage were treated as decision variables，considering total energy storage costs，voltage deviation in the distribution network，and load fluctuations，to improve voltage stability and economic performance. In the inner-layer operational optimization model，the charge/discharge state of the energy storage system was the decision variable，considering the operational revenue after energy storage installation，to improve economic efficiency. The voltage stability index（VSI）was used to identify weak voltage nodes in the system as potential pre-siting nodes to improve solution efficiency. Case study analysis showed that the proposed energy storage configuration scheme and operation optimization strategy can achieve optimal energy storage investment benefits，effectively improve grid voltage quality and power stability，and enhance the operation level of the distribution network.

Key words: renewable energy, distributed energy storage, distribution network, bi-level optimization configuration model, NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm, voltage stability index, pre-siting

中图分类号:

TK01

徐强. 基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法的分布式光伏储能系统优化配置方法[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(1): 26-33.

XU Qiang. Optimization configuration method of distributed photovoltaic energy storage systems based on NSGA-Ⅲ algorithm[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(1): 26-33.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

仿真参数设置

参数		数值
储能SOC参数	$S O C m i n$ ， $S O C m a x$	0.1，0.9
	η_cha，η_dis/%	95
	ρ/%	6.33
	μ/%	20
储能成本参数	C_INV/（美元·台^-1）	1×10⁶
储能成本参数	a/（美元·MW^-1）	1.37×10⁸

表1

图3

表2

图4

图5

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方案	储能优化配置方案			内层优化结果C_R/元	外层优化结果
方案	位置节点	容量/（MW·h）	功率/MW	内层优化结果C_R/元	F₁/元	F₂（标幺值）	F₃/MW
1 2 3	（5，32）（5，29）	（0.762，0.509）（0.678，0.402）	（0.262，0.126）（0.122，0.045）	2.53×10⁵ 8.41×10⁵ 2.15×10⁶	1.6×10⁶ 1.2×10⁶ 6.9×10⁵	0.844 0.712 0.538	134.2 112.2 110.6