600 MW凝汽式机组熔盐储热系统设计及经济性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现“双碳”目标下火电机组的深度调峰与灵活运行，提升大功率凝汽式机组的电网适应性，针对一台600 MW凝汽式机组，开展熔盐储热系统的耦合设计与经济性分析，旨在提出一种兼顾调峰能力与热经济性的技术改造方案。基于EBSILON软件构建机组热力系统仿真模型，并验证了其准确性。提出2种抽汽储热方案：方案1抽取再热蒸汽，方案2抽取主蒸汽。在额定工况下，以90 MW储热负荷为基础，建立储热-释热耦合系统模型，并从调峰容量、全厂热效率、绝对电效率、系统循环效率及工程适用性5个维度进行对比分析。结合河北省峰谷电价政策，估算系统的日均收益与静态投资回收期。仿真结果表明：方案1与方案2的调峰容量分别为38.85 MW与54.70 MW；系统循环效率分别为84.6%与60.1%；在典型峰谷电价下，方案1与方案2的日均净收益分别为9.81万元与7.05万元；静态投资回收期分别为2.08 a与3.53 a。方案1在系统循环效率、绝对电效率及经济性等方面均表现更优。对于大功率凝汽式机组的熔盐储热改造，抽取再热蒸汽的方案在保证显著调峰能力的同时，具有更优的热经济性与更短的投资回收期，综合性能更佳，可作为同类机组灵活性改造的推荐技术路线。

关键词: 凝汽式机组, 灵活性改造, 熔盐储热, 仿真模拟, 经济性分析

Abstract:

To achieve deep peak shaving and flexible operation of thermal power units under the "dual carbon" goals and to enhance the grid adaptability of high-capacity pure condensing units， a coupled design and economic analysis of a molten salt heat storage system for a 600 MW condensing unit is conducted. The aim is to propose a technical retrofit scheme that balances peak-shaving capability and thermal economy. A thermodynamic system simulation model of the unit was established based on the EBSILON software， and its accuracy was verified. Two steam extraction and heat storage schemes were proposed. Scheme 1 extracted reheated steam， and scheme 2 extracted main steam. Under rated operating conditions， and based on a heat storage load of 90 MW， a coupled heat storage and release system model was established. A comparative analysis was carried out across five dimensions： peak-shaving capacity， overall plant heat efficiency， absolute electrical efficiency， system cycle efficiency， and engineering applicability. Combined with the peak-valley electricity price policy in Hebei Province， the average daily revenue and static investment payback period of the system were estimated. The simulation results showed that the peak-shaving capacities of scheme 1 and scheme 2 were 38.85 MW and 54.70 MW， respectively， and the system cycle efficiencies were 84.6% and 60.1%， respectively. Under typical peak-valley electricity prices， the average daily net revenues of scheme 1 and scheme 2 were 98 100 yuan and 70 500 yuan， respectively. The static investment payback periods were 2.08 years and 3.53 years， respectively. Scheme 1 demonstrated more excellent performance in terms of system cycle efficiency， absolute electrical efficiency， and economic performance. For the molten salt heat storage retrofit of high-capacity condensing units， the scheme extracting reheated steam ensured significant peak-shaving capability while possessing better thermal economic performance and a shorter investment payback period. With better comprehensive performance， it can be recommended as a technical route for the flexibility retrofit of similar units.

Key words: condensing unit, flexibility retrofit, molten salt heat storage, simulation, economic analysis

中图分类号:

TK01

岳柏杨, 耿士敏, 程思远. 600 MW凝汽式机组熔盐储热系统设计及经济性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(5): 64-73.

YUE Baiyang, GENG Shimin, CHENG Siyuan. Design and economic analysis of molten salt thermal storage system for 600 MW condensing unit[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(5): 64-73.

图/表 18

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

表3

表4

图4

图5

表5

表6

图6

表7

表8

表9

图7

图8

表10

参考文献 31

[1]	钟财富. 新能源跨越式发展有力推动我国绿色低碳转型: 2024年我国可再生能源发展形势与2025年展望[J]. 中国能源, 2025, 47(S1): 33-41.
	ZHONG Caifu. Leap-forward development of new energy strongly promotes China's green and low-carbon transformation: The development situation of renewable energy in China in 2024 and its prospect in 2025[J]. Energy of China, 2025, 47(S1): 33-41.
[2]	马汀山, 王妍, 吕凯, 等. “双碳” 目标下火电机组耦合储能的灵活性改造技术研究进展[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(S1): 136-148.
	MA Tingshan, WANG Yan, LYU Kai, et al. Research progress on flexible transformation technology of thermal power unit coupled energy storage under the goal of "double carbon"[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(S1): 136-148.
[3]	韩旭, 赵文强, 范彩兄, 等. 火电机组耦合多级熔盐储热系统热力学性能研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2025, 40(7): 106-112.
	HAN Xu, ZHAO Wenqiang, FAN Caixiong, et al. Research on thermodynamic performance of multi-stage molten salt thermal storage system coupled with thermal power units[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2025, 40(7): 106-112.
[4]	丁天阳, 陈辉, 张超群, 等. 熔盐储热用于煤电机组灵活性改造的研究进展[J]. 电力科技与环保, 2025, 41(4): 528-541.
	DING Tianyang, CHEN Hui, ZHANG Chaoqun, et al. Research progress on molten salt thermal energy storage for flexibility retrofit of coal-fired power units[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(4): 528-541.
[5]	闫亚龙, 张进华, 黄艳, 等. 火电机组深度调峰背景下储热技术应用现状及进展[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2025, 31(S1): 495-506.
	YAN Yalong, ZHANG Jinhua, HUANG Yan, et al. Application status and progress of thermal storage technology under the background of deep peak shaving of thermal power units[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2025, 31(S1): 495-506.
[6]	刘吉臻, 王庆华, 张效宁, 等. 支撑我国能源转型的灵活燃煤发电新技术: 燃煤耦合储能系统及智能控制系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(17): 6855-6883.
	LIU Jizhen, WANG Qinghua, ZHANG Xiaoning, et al. Novel technologies of flexible coal-fired power generation to support China energy transition: Coal-fired coupled energy storage system and smart control system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(17): 6855-6883.
[7]	姜竹, 邹博杨, 丛琳, 等. 储热技术研究进展与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(9): 2746-2771. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0538
	JIANG Zhu, ZOU Boyang, CONG Lin, et al. Recent progress and outlook of thermal energy storage technologies[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(9): 2746-2771. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0538
[8]	樊星, 周健铿, 王晓斐. 基于耦合熔融盐储热的火电机组灵活调峰系统设计与实现[J]. 中国机械, 2024(20): 56-59.
	FAN Xing, ZHOU Jiankeng, WANG Xiaofei. Design and implementation of flexible peak regulation system for thermal power units based on coupled molten salt thermal storage[J]. Machine China, 2024(20): 56-59.
[9]	景玉博, 邹璐垚, 蒋佳月, 等. 碳捕集燃煤机组耦合储能技术的研究进展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(9): 20-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.09.003
	JING Yubo, ZOU Luyao, JIANG Jiayue, et al. Research progress on the coupling of energy storage technology with carbon capture in coal-fired units[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(9): 20-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.09.003
[10]	刘亨. 熔盐储热耦合煤电机组研究进展与应用现状[J]. 东北电力技术, 2025, 46(4): 18-22.
	LIU Heng. Research progress and application status of molten salt thermal storage coupled coal-fired power units[J]. Northeast Electric Power Technology, 2025, 46(4): 18-22.
[11]	李学军, 姜景芮, 李金泽, 等. 旁路蓄热对凝汽式机组调峰容量的影响[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2024, 40(2): 56-62.
	LI Xuejun, JIANG Jingrui, LI Jinze, et al. A study on influence of the bypass heat storage on the peak shaving capacity of the condensing unit[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2024, 40(2): 56-62.
[12]	李峻, 祝培旺, 王辉, 等. 基于高温熔盐储热的火电机组灵活性改造技术及其应用前景分析[J]. 南方能源建设, 2021, 8(3): 63-70.
	LI Jun, ZHU Peiwang, WANG Hui, et al. Flexible modification technology and application prospect of thermal power unit based on high temperature molten salt heat storage[J]. Southern Energy Construction, 2021, 8(3): 63-70.
[13]	宋晓辉, 韩伟, 王兴, 等. 基于高温熔盐储热系统的火电机组深度调峰方案对比及分析[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(11): 63-74, 83.
	SONG Xiaohui, HAN Wei, WANG Xing, et al. Comparison and analysis of deep peak shaving schemes for thermal power units based on high-temperature molten salt heat storage system[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(11): 63-74, 83.
[14]	赵春昊, 程超, 乌晓江, 等. 燃煤机组耦合熔融盐储能系统性能分析及灵活性提升研究[J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025: 1-10 (2025-02-06)[2025-10-15]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGDC20250205002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
	ZHAO Chunhao, CHENG Chao, WU Xiaojiang, et al. Performance analysis and flexibility improvement research on the molten salt energy storage system of coal-fired power plant[J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025: 1-10 (2025-02-06)[2025-10-15]. https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGDC20250205002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ.
[15]	赵大周, 谢玉荣, 张钟平, 等. 300 MW燃煤供热机组熔盐储热系统设计及经济性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(9): 45-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.09.006
	ZHAO Dazhou, XIE Yurong, ZHANG Zhongping, et al. Design and economic analysis of the molten salt heat storage system for a 300 MW coal-fired heating unit[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(9): 45-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.09.006
[16]	李仁杰. 热电机组耦合熔盐储能系统调峰特性研究[D]. 吉林: 东北电力大学, 2025.
	LI Renjie. Study on the peak-shaving characteristics of a thermal power unit coupled with a molten salt energy storage system[D]. Jilin: Northeast Electric Power University, 2025.
[17]	段丽, 郭爱武, 梁双荣. 熔盐储热技术在火电机组调峰顶峰的应用研究[J]. 节能技术, 2024, 42(6): 487-490.
	DUAN Li, GUO Aiwu, LIANG Shuangrong. Application of molten salt heat storage technology in peak shaving of thermal power units[J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2024, 42(6): 487-490.
[18]	张军辉, 王鲁玉, 姚森. 350 MW煤电机组耦合熔盐储热系统的经济性分析[J]. 节能, 2025, 44(3): 139-141.
	ZHANG Junhui, WANG Luyu, YAO Sen. Economic analysis of coupled molten salt heat storage system for 350 MW coal power unit[J]. Energy Conservation, 2025, 44(3): 139-141.
[19]	LIU M, MIAO L, WANG Z, et al. Design and thermo-economic analysis on molten salt thermal energy storage system integrated within coal-fired power plant: Co-storing energy from live and reheat steam[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 131: 117637. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2025.117637
[20]	SONG X Y, ZHANG G Q, TAN H, et al. Review on thermophysical properties and corrosion performance of molten salt in high temperature thermal energy storage[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020, 474(5): 052071. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/474/5/052071
[21]	初泰青, 王钰森, 庞开安, 等. 高温熔融盐储热技术常见材料分析[J]. 沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2018, 14(1): 91-96.
	CHU Taiqing, WANG Yusen, PANG Kaian, et al. Analysis of common materials for high temperature molten salt heat storage technology[J]. Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering (Natural Science), 2018, 14(1): 91-96.
[22]	朱胤龙, 闫霆, 潘卫国, 等. 熔盐储热耦合燃煤机组灵活调峰技术研究进展[J/OL]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025: 1-26 (2025-10-11)[2025-10-15]. https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.160.
	ZHU Yinlong, YAN Ting, PAN Weiguo, et al. Research progress on flexible peak shaving technology of molten salt thermal storage coupled thermal power units[J/OL]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025: 1-26 (2025-10-11)[2025-10-15]. https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2025.160.
[23]	张显荣, 徐玉杰, 杨立军, 等. 多类型火电-储热耦合系统性能分析与比较[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1565-1578. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0347
	ZHANG Xianrong, XU Yujie, YANG Lijun, et al. Performance analysis and comparison of multi-type thermal power-heat storage coupling systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1565-1578. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0347
[24]	ZHOU X M, ZHANG Z, JIANG Y N. Design and thermodynamic analysis of 1050 MW coal-fired power unit coupled with molten salt thermal energy storage system[J]. Energy, 2025, 320: 135292. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135292
[25]	刘子勋, 张勇杰, 高亭亭, 等. “双碳”目标下火电机组灵活性改造技术分析[J]. 电站辅机, 2023, 44(3): 40-45.
	LIU Zixun, ZHANG Yongjie, GAO Tingting, et al. Analysis of flexibility improvement technology for thermal power generating units under the "dual carbon" goal[J]. Power Station Auxiliary Equipment, 2023, 44(3): 40-45.
[26]	祁艳超. 火电机组集成熔盐储能热力性能及经济性研究[D]. 吉林: 东北电力大学, 2025.
	QI Yanchao. Research on thermal performance and economic viability of motion salt storage integrated coal-fired power units[D]. Jilin: Northeast Electric Power University, 2025.
[27]	汉京晓, 穆世慧. 典型蓄热技术在供热领域的应用分析[J]. 能源与节能, 2019(4): 54-57, 153.
	HAN Jingxiao, MU Shihui. Application analysis of typical thermal storage technology in heating field[J]. Energy and Energy Conservation, 2019(4): 54-57, 153.
[28]	巩志强, 商攀峰, 徐明新, 等. 煤电机组耦合储热系统的灵活性调峰特性研究及其性能评价[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(12): 4837-4850.
	GONG Zhiqiang, SHANG Panfeng, XU Mingxin, et al. Research and evaluation on the flexible peaking performance of coal-fired power plants coupled with thermal storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(12): 4837-4850.
[29]	WANG C Y, CHEN F F, WANG L Y, et al. The flexibility of a molten salt thermal energy storage (TES)-integrated coal-fired power plant[J]. Applied Energy, 2025, 402: 126876. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126876
[30]	慈俊昌. 熔融盐储热技术在光热发电领域的工程应用进展[J]. 南方能源建设, 2025, 12(5): 85-99.
	CI Junchang. Progress in the engineering application of molten salt thermal storage technology in the field of solar thermal power generation[J]. Southern Energy Construction, 2025, 12(5): 85-99.
[31]	吉斌, 李永刚, 昌力, 等. 火电主体参与“电能-碳权”市场决策逻辑及策略分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(5): 51-61. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.05.006
	JI Bin, LI Yonggang, CHANG Li, et al. Analysis of the logic and strategies for thermal power entities' participation in electricity-carbon market decision making[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(5): 51-61. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.05.006

参数	数值
主蒸汽压力p₀/MPa	16.702 0
主蒸汽温度t₀/℃	531.80
高压缸排汽压力p₂/MPa	3.828 0
高压缸排汽温度t₂/℃	301.72
再热蒸汽进口压力${p}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$/MPa	3.218 0
再热蒸汽进口温度${t}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$/℃	300.94
再热蒸汽出口压力${p}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}$/MPa	3.218 0
再热蒸汽出口温度${t}_{\mathrm{r}\mathrm{h}}^{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}$/℃	531.80
低压缸排汽压力p_c/MPa	0.004 5
低压缸排汽干度x_c	0.905 6
给水泵出口压力${p}_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}$/MPa	18.784 0
给水泵出口温度${t}_{\mathrm{p}\mathrm{u}}^{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}$/℃	171.88
小汽轮机排汽压力p_c,xj/MPa	0.006 0
小汽轮机排汽比焓h_c,xj/（kJ·kg^-1）	2 422.6

项目	三元熔盐(Hitec)	二元熔盐(Solar Salt)
成分	53% KNO₃，7% NaNO₃，40% NaNO₂	60% NaNO₃， 40% KNO₃
密度/(kg·m^-3)	1 983 (150 ℃)	1 899 (300 ℃)
比热容/[kJ·(kg·℃)^-1]	1.55	1.46
热导率/[W·(m·℃)^-1]	0.570	0.520
热稳定性温度/℃	454	600

设备	抽汽换热仿真值/（kJ·kg^-1）	抽汽换热设计值/（kJ·kg^-1）	相对误差/%
H1	253.1	261.5	3.2
H2	390.9	378.4	3.3
H3	573.7	597.3	3.9
H4	755.0	806.8	6.4
H5	912.9	1 002.0	8.9
H6	1 062.5	1 165.5	8.8
H7	1 257.1	1 265.5	0.6
H8	1 336.6	14.0	6.1

参数	仿真值	设计值	相对误差/%
再热器换热量/（kJ·kg^-1）	536.4	527.0	1.7
主蒸汽质量流量/（t·h^-1）	1 784.7	1 818.8	1.8

参数	压力/MPa	温度/℃	比焓/（kJ·kg^-1）
再热蒸汽	3.218	531.8	3 526.35
回水	3.218	205.0	875.55