基于熔盐储能的热电联产供汽扩容可行性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.008

综合智慧能源 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 74-82.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.05.008

• 综合能源系统分析与评估 • 上一篇下一篇

基于熔盐储能的热电联产供汽扩容可行性研究

张永剑¹(), 李彬²(), 邢阁玉²(), 孙俊鹏³(), 徐钢³^,^*(), 薛小军⁴()

¹ 中国电力工程顾问集团华北电力设计院有限公司，北京 100120
² 国能河北沧东发电有限责任公司，河北沧东 061113
³ 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206
⁴ 山西大学电力与建筑学院，太原 030006

收稿日期:2025-12-04 修回日期:2025-12-12 出版日期:2026-05-13
通讯作者: *徐钢（1978），男，教授，博士，从事热力学、火力发电节能理论与技术、多能互补系统集成等方面的研究，xgncepu@163.com。
作者简介:张永剑（1988），男，高级工程师，硕士，从事火力发电方面的研究，zhangyongj@ncpe.com.cn；
李彬（1990），男，工程师，从事火力发电方面的研究，16115533@ceic.com；
邢阁玉（1975），男，高级工程师，从事火力发电方面的研究，15333178890@126.com；
孙俊鹏（2003），男，硕士生，从事火-储融合系统优化及系统运行调度、能源系统集成等方面的研究，sunjunpengncepu@163.com；
薛小军（1992），男，副研究员，博士，从事火储调峰、压缩空气储能及熔盐储热技术等方面的研究，xxj377547176@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52406019)

Feasibility study on steam supply expansion of combined heat and power based on molten salt energy storage

ZHANG Yongjian¹(), LI Bin²(), XING Geyu²(), SUN Junpeng³(), XU Gang³^,^*(), XUE Xiaojun⁴()

¹ North China Power Engineering Company Limited of China Power Engineering Consulting Group， Beijing 100120， China
² CHN Energy Hebei Cangdong Power Generation Company Limited， Cangdong 061113， China
³ School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering， North China Electric Power University， Beijing 102206， China
⁴ School of Electric Power， Civil Engineering and Architecture， Shanxi University， Taiyuan 030006， China

Received:2025-12-04 Revised:2025-12-12 Published:2026-05-13
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52406019)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热电联产机组将部分做功后的蒸汽作为二次产品进行供暖或工业供汽，是一种深度节能减排的重要方式，但热电联产机组以热定电的运行方式限制了其深度调峰能力，熔盐储能技术能够提高机组运行灵活性，在一定程度上实现了热电解耦。以某660 MW带150 t/h，1.8 MPa，300 ℃ 供汽的发电机组为案例，采用EBSILON软件建模，对常规的热段再热蒸汽减温减压供汽方案进行优化，结合汽机侧的引射器与热网侧的熔盐装置，提出主蒸汽抽引热段再热蒸汽耦合熔盐供汽方案，热量在电价谷段储存，在电价峰段释放。结果表明：为提供150 t/h，1.8 MPa，300 ℃的工业用汽，原供汽方案机组发电功率运行区间为39.34%~94.08%汽轮机热耗率验收（THA）工况，耦合熔盐供汽方案机组发电功率运行区间为21.74%~99.17%THA，熔盐供汽方案扩大了供热安全运行边界、扩展了火电机组运行范围，为蓄热系统参与机组运行调度提供了参考。在典型日内，配置熔盐系统后增加的收益主要来自补偿收益与节煤收益，煤耗成本减少17.87 万元/d，新增补偿收益35.10万元/d，利润增加39.23万元/d，系统回收期为5.54 a。

关键词: 熔盐储能, 热电联产, 电力调峰, 仿真模型, 经济性分析, 灵活性改造

Abstract:

Combined heat and power （CHP） units utilize part of the steam that has performed work as a secondary product for heating or industrial steam supply， which is an important approach for in-depth energy saving and emission reduction. However， the operation mode of CHP units —where power generation is determined by heat demand—limits their deep peak shaving capability. Molten salt energy storage technology can improve the operational flexibility of units and achieve heat-power decoupling to a certain extent. Therefore， a 660 MW power unit with a steam supply of 150 t/h （at 1.8 MPa and 300 ℃） was taken as the case study， and the EBSILON software was used for modeling to optimize the conventional steam supply scheme of desuperheating and depressurizing the hot reheat steam. By combining the ejector on the steam turbine side and the molten salt device on the heating network side， a steam supply scheme was proposed—namely， the main steam extraction-induced hot reheat steam coupled with molten salt. This scheme stored heat during the off-peak electricity price period and released the stored heat during the peak electricity price period. The results showed that to provide industrial steam supply of 150 t/h （at 1.8 MPa and 300 ℃）， the power operation range of the units under the original steam supply scheme was 39.34%~94.08% turbine heat acceptance （THA）， while that under the molten salt-coupled steam supply scheme was 21.74%~99.17% THA. The molten salt steam supply scheme not only broadened the safe operation boundary of heat supply， but also extended the operation range of thermal power units， thereby providing a reference for heat storage systems to participate in unit operation scheduling. On a typical day， the increased benefits after configuring the molten salt system mainly came from compensation benefits and coal-saving benefits. The coal consumption cost was reduced by 178 700 yuan per day， the new compensation benefits reached 351 000 yuan per day， the daily profit increased by 392 300 yuan， and the system payback period was 5.54 years.

Key words: molten salt energy storage, combined heat and power generation, power peak shaving, simulation model, economic analysis, flexibility retrofit

中图分类号:

TK01

张永剑, 李彬, 邢阁玉, 孙俊鹏, 徐钢, 薛小军. 基于熔盐储能的热电联产供汽扩容可行性研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(5): 74-82.

ZHANG Yongjian, LI Bin, XING Geyu, SUN Junpeng, XU Gang, XUE Xiaojun. Feasibility study on steam supply expansion of combined heat and power based on molten salt energy storage[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(5): 74-82.

图/表 15

图1

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

图4

图5

图6

表4

图7

表5

表6

图8

表7

参考文献 27

[1]	李旭东, 谭青博, 赵浩辰, 等. 碳达峰背景下中国电力行业碳排放因素和脱钩效应[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(5): 88-98.
	LI Xudong, TAN Qingbo, ZHAO Haochen, et al. Carbon emission factors and decoupling effects of China's power industry under the background of carbon peak[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(5): 88-98.
[2]	祁海波, 邹洋, 李钊, 等. 热电联产机组供热能耗影响因素研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(6): 88-95.
	QI Haibo, ZOU Yang, LI Zhao, et al. Study on factors affecting heating energy consumption of cogeneration unit[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(6): 88-95.
[3]	武云跃, 马素霞, 闫利如. 高背压+引射器+抽汽供热方式下热网调节特性分析[J]. 汽轮机技术, 2024, 66(2): 133-137.
	WU Yunyue, MA Suxia, YAN Liru. Analysis of regulating characteristics of heat supply network under high back pressure+ejector+extraction steam heating mode[J]. Turbine Technology, 2024, 66(2): 133-137.
[4]	邢阁玉, 孟伟, 白兆宇, 等. 面向高参数大流量工业供汽的高效热电联产系统[J]. 电力科技与环保, 2025, 41(1): 120-129.
	XING Geyu, MENG Wei, BAI Zhaoyu, et al. A high-efficiency cogeneration system for high parameter and high flow industrial steam supply[J]. Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection, 2025, 41(1): 120-129.
[5]	李博, 曹越, 徐景怡, 等. 考虑火电-熔盐储热耦合特性的风光火储能源调度[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(12): 55-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.12.007
	LI Bo, CAO Yue, XU Jingyi, et al. Energy dispatch of wind-photovoltaic-thermal-storage considering the coupling characteristics of thermal power and molten salt heat storage[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(12): 55-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.12.007
[6]	张玉杰, 陈讲运, 李建强, 等. 《中国蓄热储能产业发展报告(2024)》: 产业技术、发展现状与典型示范[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(12): 4452-4463. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0834
	ZHANG Yujie, CHEN Jiangyun, LI Jianqiang, et al. China Thermal energy storage industry development report(2024)—Industry technologies, development status, and model projects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(12): 4452-4463.
[7]	左芳菲, 韩伟, 姚明宇. 熔盐储能在新型电力系统中应用现状与发展趋势[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(2): 1-9.
	ZUO Fangfei, HAN Wei, YAO Mingyu. Application status and development trend of molten salt energy storage in novel power systems[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(2): 1-9.
[8]	袁荣胜, 刘明, 许朋江, 等. 促进能源互联网中绿电消纳的热电联产共享储热系统构型设计及经济性研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2025, 45(9): 1536-1545. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.240433
	YUAN Rongsheng, LIU Ming, XU Pengjiang, et al. Design and economic evaluation of cogeneration shared heat storage system for green power consumption in energy Internet[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2025, 45(9): 1536-1545. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.240433
[9]	王斌, 刘金恺, 姜晓霞, 等. 基于经济性分析的熔盐储热辅助燃煤机组灵活调峰系统优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(7): 2729-2737. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0304
	WANG Bin, LIU Jinkai, JIANG Xiaoxia, et al. Optimization of flexibile peak shaving system of coal-fired unit aided by molten salt heat storage based on economic analysis[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(7): 2729-2737. doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0304
[10]	韩旭, 赵文强, 范彩兄, 等. 火电机组耦合多级熔盐储热系统热力学性能研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2025, 40(7): 106-112.
	HAN Xu, ZHAO Wenqiang, FAN Caixiong, et al. Research on thermodynamic performance of multi-stage molten salt thermal storage system coupled with thermal power units[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2025, 40(7): 106-112.
[11]	李蔚, 毛静宇, 李翱, 等. 耦合熔盐储热设备的热电联产系统性能分析及运行调度研究[J]. 热力发电, 2025, 54(2): 1-8.
	LI Wei, MAO Jingyu, LI Ao, et al. Performance analysis and operation scheduling study for cogeneration system coupled with molten salt thermal storage equipment[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025, 54(2): 1-8.
[12]	谢凯, 王乾, 苏志刚, 等. 耦合熔盐蓄热系统的热电联产机组运行灵活性及性能分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2025, 45(9): 1546-1556. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.240501
	XIE Kai, WANG Qian, SU Zhigang, et al. Operation flexibility and performance analysis of combined heat and power unit coupled with molten salt heat storage system[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2025, 45(9): 1546-1556. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.240501
[13]	赵大周, 谢玉荣, 张钟平, 等. 300 MW燃煤供热机组熔盐储热系统设计及经济性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(9): 45-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.09.006
	ZHAO Dazhou, XIE Yurong, ZHANG Zhongping, et al. Design and economic analysis of the molten salt heat storage system for a 300 MW coal-fired heating unit[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(9): 45-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.09.006
[14]	马汀山, 王妍, 吕凯, 等. “双碳”目标下火电机组耦合储能的灵活性改造技术研究进展[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(S1): 136-148.
	MA Tingshan, WANG Yan, LYU Kai, et al. Research progress on flexibility transformation technology of coupled energy storage for thermal power units under the "dual-carbon" goal[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2022, 42(S1): 136-148.
[15]	江晶亮, 周厉蕾, 张武玄. 太阳能光热电站热介质熔盐与单相流传热性能研究[J]. 锅炉技术, 2021, 52(6): 8-14.
	JIANG Jingliang, ZHOU Lilei, ZHANG Wuxuan. Study on heat transfer performance of molten salt and single phase flow in concentrating solar power station[J]. Boiler Technology, 2021, 52(6): 8-14.
[16]	王吉超, 祝令凯, 郑威, 等. 供热机组配置熔盐储热系统构型设计及性能分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2025, 45(12): 2090-2099, 2197. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250396
	WANG Jichao, ZHU Lingkai, ZHENG Wei, et al. Configuration design and performance analysis of a cogeneration unit integrated with a molten salt thermal energy storage system[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2025, 45(12): 2090-2099, 2197. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2025.250396
[17]	TANG H Y, LIN M, ZHANG K Z, et al. Performance evaluation and operation optimization of a combined heat and power plant integrated with molten salt heat storage system[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 245:122848. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.122848
[18]	高耀岿, 曾德良, 平博宇, 等. 吸收式热泵供热机组安全区的计算[J]. 热力发电, 2020, 49(2): 58-64.
	GAO Yaokui, ZENG Deliang, PING Boyu, et al. Calculation of safe operation area for CHP units with absorption heat pump[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2020, 49(2): 58-64.
[19]	丁一, 王春亮, 席跃伟, 等. 630 MW超临界供汽热电联产机组收益计算[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(1): 76-83.
	DING Yi, WANG Chunliang, XI Yuewei, et al. Revenue calculation for 630 MW supercritical steam-supply combined heat and power unit[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(1): 76-83.
[20]	杨灿, 胡丽娜, 魏俊, 等. 燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热系统的性能分析及经济性评价[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(12): 4795-4809.
	YANG Can, HU Lina, WEI Jun, et al. Performance comparison and economic evaluation of coal-fired units coupled with molten salt thermal energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(12): 4795-4809.
[21]	AHMED N, ELFEKY K E, LU L, et al. Thermal and economic evaluation of thermocline combined sensible-latent heat thermal energy storage system for medium temperature applications[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 189: 14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.040
[22]	巩志强, 韩悦, 徐明新, 等. 煤电耦合熔盐储热调峰的技术经济性[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2025, 31(8): 200-209.
	GONG Zhiqiang, HAN Yue, XU Mingxin, et al. Technical and economic on peaking regulation of coal-fired plant integrated with molten salt heat storage[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2025, 31(8): 200-209.
[23]	ZHANG Q J, DONG J N, CHEN H, et al. Dynamic characteristics and economic analysis of a coal-fired power plant integrated with molten salt thermal energy storage for improving peaking capacity[J]. Energy, 2024, 290: 130132. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.130132
[24]	李建林, 邸文峰, 李雅欣, 等. 长时储能技术及典型案例分析[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(11): 85-94.
	LI Jianlin, DI Wenfeng, LI Yaxin, et al. Analysis of long-term energy storage technologies and typical case studies[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(11): 85-94.
[25]	马汀山, 王伟, 王东晔, 等. 基于熔盐储热辅助煤电机组深度调峰的系统设计及容量计算方法研究[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(7): 113-118.
	MA Tingshan, WANG Wei, WANG Dongye, et al. Research on system design and capacity calculation method for deep peak shaving of coal-fire unit based on molten salt heat storage assistance[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(7): 113-118.
[26]	周天羽, 张一农, 徐钢, 等. 考虑调峰辅助服务收益的耦合储热罐热电联产机组运行调度研究[J]. 热力发电, 2025, 54(5): 92-101.
	ZHOU Tianyu, ZHANG Yinong, XU Gang, et al. Research on operation scheduling of cogeneration units coupled with heat storage tank considering peak shaving ancillary service income[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025, 54(5): 92-101.
[27]	王家豪, 马恒瑞, 王波, 等. 面向综合能源系统的辅助服务市场与多类型市场耦合关系分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(10): 82-92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.10.010
	WANG Jiahao, MA Hengrui, WANG Bo, et al. Analysis on the coupling between the auxiliary service market and multiple types of markets for integrated energy systems[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(10): 82-92. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.10.010

参数	数值
主蒸汽流量/(t·h^-1)	1 796.4
主蒸汽压力/MPa	30.00
主蒸汽温度/℃	605
冷段再热蒸汽压力/MPa	5.37
冷段再热蒸汽温度/℃	333.7
热段再热蒸汽压力/MPa	4.99
热段再热蒸汽温度/℃	622
热段再热蒸汽流量/(t·h^-1)	1 408.7
额定背压/kPa	4.5
发电机额定功率/MW	660

工况	模拟值/MW	设计值/MW	误差/%
100%THA	659.02	660.00	-0.15
75%THA	495.67	495.00	0.14
50%THA	330.54	330.00	0.16
30%THA	198.96	198.00	0.48

参数	数值
组分	60%NaNO₃, 40%KNO₃
比热容/[kJ·(kg·K)^-1]	1.52
密度/(Kg·m^-3)	1 860
熔点/℃	240
最高工作温度/℃	575

参数	储热过程	放热过程
储放热时间/h	8.00	2.11
锅炉负荷率/%	30	100
单位时长换热量/(MW·h)	25.56	96.74
熔盐量/（t·h^-1）	310	1 173
机组负荷/MW	143.54	654.54

时段		电价
平段	00:00 — 08:00	0.306
峰段	08:00 —10:00 17:00 —23:00	0.499
谷段	09:00 —17:00	0.186

基于熔盐储能的热电联产供汽扩容可行性研究

Feasibility study on steam supply expansion of combined heat and power based on molten salt energy storage

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 15

参考文献 27

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

补偿类型	负荷率/%	补偿价格
第一档顶峰补偿	90.0~97.5	0.30
第二档顶峰补偿	97.5~100.0	0.50
第一档调峰补偿	50.0~40.0	0
第二档调峰补偿	40.0~0	0.35

项目	原供汽方案	耦合系统方案	差值
顶峰煤耗成本	31.69	31.42	-0.27
顶峰售电收益	65.38	68.92	+3.54
顶峰补偿收益	1.71	4.30	+2.59
调峰煤耗成本	57.43	39.83	-17.60
调峰售电收益	38.64	21.36	-17.28
调峰补偿收益	1.22	33.73	+32.51

[1]	岳柏杨, 耿士敏, 程思远. 600 MW凝汽式机组熔盐储热系统设计及经济性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(5): 64-73.
[2]	黄帅, 向新宇, 李昂, 金旭, 阿如娜, 张家鹏. 跨临界CO₂热泵供暖系统循环优化与环境经济性评估[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(4): 81-89.
[3]	陈浩, 马刚, 钱达, 马健, 彭乐瑶. 绿证-碳交易机制下考虑阶梯需求响应的区域综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(5): 21-30.
[4]	陈袁, 郭潇涵, 王廷鉴, 徐佩芸, 陈鹏, 王迪, 邓良胜. 基于磷酸燃料电池的三联供系统经济性测算及价格成本分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(10): 26-33.
[5]	赵大周, 谢玉荣, 张钟平, 邓睿锋, 刘丽丽. 300 MW燃煤供热机组熔盐储热系统设计及经济性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(9): 45-52.
[6]	邓振宇, 汪茹康, 徐钢, 云昆, 王颖. 综合能源系统中热电联产机组故障预警现状[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(8): 67-76.
[7]	史明明, 朱睿, 刘瑞煌. 交直流电力系统与供热系统联合经济调度[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(4): 10-16.
[8]	王京龙, 王晖, 杨野, 郑颖颖. 考虑多重不确定性的电-热-气综合能源系统协同优化方法[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(4): 42-51.
[9]	王永旭, 周天羽, 邓庚庚, 徐钢, 王卓. 配置吸收式热泵的热电联产机组厂级智能运行优化[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(3): 20-28.
[10]	白章, 郝文杰, 李琦, 郝洪亮, 温彩凤, 郭苏, 黄贤坤. 基于全生命周期评价的风光制氢综合系统容量配置优化研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(10): 1-11.
[11]	吴彤, 王守鑫, 程星星, 刘坤坤. 工业共生体系下生物质资源化利用的物质能量流分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(7): 30-39.
[12]	商永强, 王文峰, 王为术, 郭嘉伟, 郑毫楠, 葛学文. 超长距蒸汽供热管道保温性能分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(4): 47-51.
[13]	李琦, 王放放, 杨鹏威, 赵光金, 刘晓娜, 马双忱. 火电厂灵活性改造背景下储能技术应用现状与发展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(3): 66-73.
[14]	曾慧, 杜源, 李涛, 薛屹洵, 孙开元, 夏天, 孙宏斌. 考虑碳交易与绿证交易的电-热耦合园区低碳规划[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(2): 22-29.
[15]	葛磊蛟, 李京京, 李鹏, 苏航. 电力潮流和㶲流联合驱动的热电联产综合能源系统优化运行方法[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(12): 1-9.