基于IBC的常压SOFC-GT系统构建及热力学分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.06.008

综合智慧能源 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 92-104.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.06.008

基于IBC的常压SOFC-GT系统构建及热力学分析

樊小朝¹^,²^,³(), 周凯¹^,^*(), 史瑞静¹(), 张志豪³()

¹ 新疆工程学院能源工程学院，乌鲁木齐 830023
² 天山实验室新疆绿氢制储用技术重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830023
³ 新疆大学智能科学与技术学院，乌鲁木齐 830017

收稿日期:2025-04-08 修回日期:2025-12-16 出版日期:2026-06-25
通讯作者: *周凯（1997），男，助教，硕士，从事新能源发电与故障诊断技术等方面的研究，1505548230@qq.com
作者简介:樊小朝（1979），男，教授，博士生导师，博士，从事新能源发电及储能技术等方面的研究，297546366@qq.com；
史瑞静（1980），女，教授，博士，从事新能源发电及储能技术等方面的研究，fxc0102@126.com；
张志豪（2003），男，硕士生，从事综合能源系统方面的研究，107552504969@stu.xju.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52266018);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2024A01005-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(20252150060-3);新疆青年科技拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0051);新疆青年科技拔尖人才项目(2022TSYCCX0053)

Construction and thermodynamic analysis of an IBC-based atmospheric-pressure SOFC-GT system

FAN Xiaochao¹^,²^,³(), ZHOU Kai¹^,^*(), SHI Ruijing¹(), ZHANG Zhihao³()

¹ School of Energy Engineering， Xinjiang Institute of Engineering， Urumqi 830023， China
² Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Green Hydrogen Production， Storage and Utilization Technology， Tianshan Laboratory， Urumqi 830023， China
³ School of Intelligent Science and Technology， Xinjiang University， Urumqi 830017， China

Received:2025-04-08 Revised:2025-12-16 Published:2026-06-25
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52266018);Major Science and Technology Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024A01005-1);Major Science and Technology Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(20252150060-3);Xinjiang Youth Science and Technology Top-notch Talent Project(2022TSYCCX0051);Xinjiang Youth Science and Technology Top-notch Talent Project(2022TSYCCX0053)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统加压固体氧化物燃料电池-燃气轮机（SOFC-GT）混合发电系统需配置高压容器、密封结构复杂，常压固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）难以直接匹配常规布雷顿循环、余热利用率低、工业化应用受限的技术难题，以常压下高效回收SOFC高温尾气余热、简化系统设备构型为研究目的，依托倒置布雷顿循环（IBC）先膨胀后冷却压缩的循环特性，构建基于IBC的常压SOFC-GT混合发电系统，该系统由3个主要部分组成：燃料/空气预处理过程、IBC余热利用系统和SOFC模块。建立SOFC电化学模型，推导透平、压气机、换热器、后燃烧室等部件热力学方程，搭建以总输出功率、热效率、㶲效率为核心的评价体系；采用EBSILON软件完成系统仿真，结合温度梯度、防积碳水碳比、压缩机喘振裕度等约束确定额定工况，同时开展关键参数敏感性分析与全系统㶲平衡计算。基于EBSILON软件的热力学分析结果表明，在给定工况下，SOFC交流发电效率为58.78%，IBC余热利用系统净输出功率为33.53 kW，系统的有效能效率达60.84%，总输出效率达72.86%。结果证明，该系统无需压力容器与复杂密封，大幅降低设备成本与运维难度，发电性能显著优于传统常压耦合方案。虽然各类不可逆过程造成较大㶲损耗，系统㶲利用仍有优化空间，但72.86%的总效率充分验证了基于IBC的SOFC-GT混合发电系统的优越性能。

关键词: 固体氧化物燃料电池, 倒置布雷顿循环, SOFC-GT混合发电系统, 热力学分析

Abstract:

Traditional pressurized solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine （SOFC-GT）hybrid power generation systems require high-pressure vessels and sophisticated high-temperature sealing structures， and the working conditions of atmospheric-pressure solid oxide fuel cells （SOFC） can hardly match those of conventional Brayton cycle， leading to low waste heat utilization rate and limited industrial application scenarios. To address the technical bottlenecks above， taking efficient recovery of high-temperature exhaust waste heat from SOFC under atmospheric pressure and simplification of system equipment configuration as the research objectives， an atmospheric-pressure SOFC-GT hybrid power generation system based on the inverted Brayton cycle （IBC） characterized by expansion prior to cooling and compression was constructed. The system consisted of three main parts： a fuel/air pretreatment process， an IBC waste heat recovery system， and a SOFC module. Thermodynamic equations for components including turbines， compressors， heat exchangers and afterburners were derived the electrochemical model of SOFC， and an evaluation system centered on total output power， thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency was constructed. The system simulation was completed using EBSILON software. According to the rated operating condition determined by temperature gradient， carbon deposition prevention steam-to-carbon ratio and compressor surge margin， the key parameter sensitivity analysis as well as system exergy balance calculation were carried out simultaneously. Thermodynamic analysis results based on EBSILON software showed that under the given operating conditions， the SOFC AC power generation efficiency reached 58.78%， the net output power of the IBC waste heat utilization system was 33.53 kW， the system's exergy efficiency reached 60.84%， and the total output efficiency reached 72.86%.The hybrid power generation system is demonstrated to have a lower equipment cost and operational difficulty without pressure vessels and complex sealing structures， and its power generation performance is significantly superior to that of the traditional atmospheric-pressure coupling configuration. Although various irreversible processes cause considerable exergy loss and there is still room for optimization in the system's exergy utilization， the total efficiency of 72.86% fully verifies the superior performance of the IBC-based SOFC-GT hybrid power generation system.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cells, inverted Brayton cycle, SOFC-GT hybrid power generation system, thermodynamic analysis

中图分类号:

TK262：TM619

樊小朝, 周凯, 史瑞静, 张志豪. 基于IBC的常压SOFC-GT系统构建及热力学分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2026, 48(6): 92-104.

FAN Xiaochao, ZHOU Kai, SHI Ruijing, ZHANG Zhihao. Construction and thermodynamic analysis of an IBC-based atmospheric-pressure SOFC-GT system[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(6): 92-104.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

图7

参考文献 24

[1]	FANX C, SUN J Q, ZHANG W W, et al. Modeling and simulation analysis of capacity optimization configuration for low-carbon energy systems in oxygen-enriched coal-fired power plants using wind power for oxygen production[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2026, 232: 1-31.
[2]	窦真兰, 李佳文, 张春雁, 等. 固体氧化物电解池时空分布式参数建模[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(7): 53-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.07.007
	DOU Zhenlan, LI Jiawen, ZHANG Chunyan, et al. Spatiotemporal distributed parameter modeling of solid oxide electrolysis cells[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(7): 53-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.07.007
[3]	杨磊, 王睿, 马丽丽, 等. 钙和铁共掺杂PrBaCo₂O₅₊_δ作为固体氧化物燃料电池阴极的研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(7): 47-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.07.006
	YANG Lei, WANG Rui, MA Lili, et al. Research on Ca and Fe co-doped PrBaCo₂O₅₊_δ as a cathode material of solid oxide fuel cells[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(7): 47-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.07.006
[4]	王卓, 田松峰, 翟启超, 等. 基于SOFC的近零碳排放联合循环动力系统热力性能研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2024, 44(12): 1960-1971. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2024.230650
	WANG Zhuo, TIAN Songfeng, ZHAI Qichao, et al. Research on thermal performance of near zero carbon emission combined cycle power system based on SOFC[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2024, 44(12): 1960-1971. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2024.230650
[5]	FAHEEM H H, ABBAS S Z, TABISH A N, et al. A review on mathematical modelling of direct internal reforming-solid oxide fuel cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2022, 520: 230857. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230857
[6]	钟财富. 国内外分布式燃料电池发电应用现状及前景分析[J]. 中国能源, 2021, 43(2): 34-37, 73.
	ZHONG Caifu. Application status and prospect analysis of distributed fuel cell power generation at home and abroad[J]. Energy of China, 2021, 43(2): 34-37, 73.
[7]	施浩波. 基于燃气轮机/燃料电池联合发电的分布式发电系统建模仿真研究[D]. 北京: 中国电力科学研究院, 2011.
	SHI Haobo. Study on modeling and simulation for distributed generation system based on gas turbin/fuel cell combined generation[D]. Beijing: China Electric Power Research Institute, 2011.
[8]	YU J G, WANG Y Z, XU L, et al. Development and investigation on the study state of solid oxide fuel cell and hybrid power system[C]// 2009 International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply. IEEE, 2009: 1-5.
[9]	刘洋, 韩吉田, 游怀亮. 基于SOFC/GT和跨临界CO₂动力/制冷循环的冷热电联供系统性能[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 49(6): 1072-1080.
	LIU Yang, HAN Jitian, YOU Huailiang. Performance of CCHP system based on SOFC/GT and transcritical CO₂ power/refrigeration cycles[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 49(6): 1072-1080.
[10]	郭尧, 庞宏, 王蕾, 等. 基于SOFC-GT-SCO₂RBC的联合循环系统热力性能[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2023, 29(S2): 328-336.
	GUO Yao, PANG Hong, WANG Lei, et al. Thermodynamics performance of combined cycle system based on SOFC-GT-SCO₂ RBC[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2023, 29(S2): 328-336.
[11]	谢俊恩. 基于逆向布雷顿循环的SOFC-GT混合发电系统性能分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2025.
	XIE Jun'en. Performance analysis of an SOFC-GT hybrid power generation system based on the reverse brayton cycle[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2025.
[12]	BUONOMANO A, CALISE F, D'ACCADIA M D, et al. Hybrid solid oxide fuel cells-gas turbine systems for combined heat and power: A review[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 156: 32-85. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.06.027
[13]	TSUJIKAWA Y, KANEKO K, SUZUKI J. Proposal of the atmospheric pressure turbine (APT) and high temperature fuel cell hybrid system[J]. JSME International Journal Series B, 2004, 47(2): 256-260. doi: 10.1299/jsmeb.47.256
[14]	FACCHINETTI E, FAVRAT D, MARECHAL F. Innovative hybrid cycle solid oxide fuel cell-inverted gas turbine with CO₂ Separation[J]. Fuel Cells, 2011, 11(4): 565-572. doi: 10.1002/fuce.v11.4
[15]	FACCHINETTI E, GASSNER M, D'AMELIO M, et al. Process integration and optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid cycle fueled with hydrothermally gasified waste biomass[J]. Energy, 2012, 41(1): 408-419. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.02.059
[16]	王巍, 薛利超, 黄钟岳, 等. APGC燃机与燃料电池复合发电系统性能分析[J]. 大连理工大学学报, 2009, 49(3): 349-352.
	WANG Wei, XUE Lichao, HUANG Zhongyue, et al. Performance analysis of APGC gas turbine and SOFC hybrid power system[J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology, 2009, 49(3): 349-352.
[17]	CARDENAS DE LA CRUZ C T, HERZ G, REICHELT E, et al. Modeling of a novel atmospheric SOFC/GT hybrid process and comparison with state‐of‐the‐art SOFC system concepts[J]. Fuel Cells, 2020, 20(5): 608-623. doi: 10.1002/fuce.v20.5
[18]	马秦慧, 陈钢, 范光涛, 等. 多工况下固体氧化物燃料电池短堆变载特性研究[J]. 热力发电, 2025, 54(3): 12-21.
	MA Qinhui, CHEN Gang, FAN Guangtao, et al. Study on variable load characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell stack under multiple operating conditions[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025, 54(3): 12-21.
[19]	孙浩哲, 张辉, 盛明珺, 等. 基于SOFC/GT和掺氢天然气的综合能源系统性能研究及经济性分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2024, 44(9): 1493-1502. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2024.240266
	SUN Haozhe, ZHANG Hui, SHENG Mingjun, et al. Performance study and economic analysis of integrated energy systems based on SOFC/GT and hydrogen-blended natural gas[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2024, 44(9): 1493-1502. doi: 10.19805/j.cnki.jcspe.2024.240266
[20]	AZIZI MALI, BROUWER J. Progress in solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid power systems: System design and analysis, transient operation, controls and optimization[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 215: 237-289. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.098
[21]	EISAVI B, CHITSAZ A, HOSSEINPOUR J, et al. Thermo-environmental and economic comparison of three different arrangements of solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid systems[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 168: 343-356.
[22]	VAN HERLE J, MARÉCHAL F, LEUENBERGER S, et al. Process flow model of solid oxide fuel cell system supplied with sewage biogas[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 131(1/2): 127-141.
[23]	MILEWSKI J, MILLER A, SAŁACIŃSKI J. Off-design analysis of SOFC hybrid system[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32(6): 687-698. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.007
[24]	ZHAO H B, LU R H, ZHANG T H. Thermodynamic and economic performance study of SOFC combined cycle system using biomass and LNG coupled with CO₂ recovery[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2023, 280:116817. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116817

部件	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}$/（kg·s^-1）	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{t}}$/（kg·s^-1）	P_in,cool/kW	P_out,hot/kW
燃料加热器	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},4}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},5}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},4}$(h₅-h₄)	P₁
空气加热器	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},11}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},12}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},4}$(h₁₂-h₁₁)	P₂
换热器1	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},14}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},15}$	P₃	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},14}$(h₁₄-h₁₅)
换热器2	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},16}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},17}$	P₄	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},16}$(h₁₆-h₁₇)
冷凝器	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},17}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},18}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},19}$(h₁₉-h₀)	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},16}$(h₁₈-h₁₇)
换热器3	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},23}$	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},24}$	P₅	${\mathit{q}}_{\mathit{m},23}$(h₂₃-h₂₄)

参数	数值	参数	数值
环境温度/℃	25	空气利用系数/%	35.4
环境压力/kPa	101	S/C	2.55
SOFC运行压力/kPa	102	DC-AC转换效率/%	92
阴、阳极入口温度/℃	700	${\mathit{\eta }}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}}$/%	100
SOFC活化面积/m²	96.1	阳极排气再循环比例/%	61.07
n_cell	1 152	${\mathit{\eta }}_{\mathit{s},\mathrm{t}}$/%	85
燃料摩尔流量/(kmol∙h^-1)	1.07	${\mathit{\eta }}_{\mathit{s},\mathrm{c}}$/%	85
空气入口温度/℃	25	透平机械效率/%	99
燃料入口温度/℃	25	压气机机械效率/%	99
空气入口压力/bar	1.01	水泵效率/%	80
燃料入口压力/bar	1.01	水泵驱动效率/%	95
入口空气组分	21%O₂;79%N₂	冷凝器压损系数	0.003 7
入口燃料组分	100%CH₄	压气机出口压力/kPa	101
纯氧入口温度/℃	25	IBC发电效率/%	99
燃料利用率/%	85

流股	t/℃	p/kPa	q_m/(kg·h^-1)	E/kW	x
流股	t/℃	p/kPa	q_m/(kg·h^-1)	E/kW	CH₄	N₂	CO	H₂	H₂O	CO₂	O₂
1	25.00	101	17.17	0	1.00	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	25.33	102	17.17	0	1.00	0	0	0	0	0	0
3	724.76	102	135.39	28.66	0.18	0	0.06	0	0.45	0.21	0
4	527.86	102	135.39	17.49	0.11	0	0.05	0.28	0.31	0.24	0
5	700.00	102	135.39	26.64	0.11	0	0.05	0.28	0.31	0.24	0
6	911.53	102	193.60	51.54	0	0	0.08	0.12	0.54	0.26	0
7	911.53	102	118.22	31.48	0	0	0.08	0.12	0.54	0.26	0
8	911.53	102	75.37	20.07	0	0	0.08	0.12	0.54	0.26	0
9	25.00	101	705.97	0	0	0.79	0	0	0	0	0.21
10	25.40	102	705.97	0.06	0	0.79	0	0	0	0	0.21
11	700.00	102	705.97	68.63	0	0.79	0	0	0	0	0.21
12	911.53	102	647.76	95.44	0	0.85	0	0	0	0	0.15
13	1 093.51	102	723.13	148.76	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12
14	936.06	102	723.13	117.71	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12
15	647.17	25	723.13	41.84	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12
16	226.72	25	723.13	-13.25	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12
17	40.00	25	723.13	-23.54	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12
19		25
20		101
21	40.00	25	723.13	-23.54	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12
22	210.78	101	723.13	9.68	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12
23	126.78	101	723.13	3.79	0	0.76	0	0	0.08	0.04	0.12

参数	取值范围	总效率变化率（每变化1%）/%	敏感性排序
后燃烧室效率	0.90~0.95	0.45	1
压气机压比	15~25	0.32	2
涡轮膨胀比	12~20	0.28	3
机械传动效率	0.97~0.99	0.15	4

部件	燃料㶲/kW	产品㶲/kW	㶲损失/kW	㶲效率/%
燃料泵	247.19	247.19	0	100.00
混合器	359.29	354.52	4.77	98.67
预重整器	354.52	351.84	2.67	99.25
HE1	505.20	503.63	1.58	99.69
SOFC	430.49	422.42	8.07	98.12
空气泵	0.96	0.94	0.02	97.92
HE2	204.30	191.56	12.74	93.76
后燃烧室	167.93	153.36	14.57	91.32
T1	122.31	117.38	4.93	95.97
C1	18.14	14.28	3.85	78.75
冷凝过程	-8.65	-18.92	10.27	45.72
总系统	285.22	173.53	63.48	60.84

基于IBC的常压SOFC-GT系统构建及热力学分析

Construction and thermodynamic analysis of an IBC-based atmospheric-pressure SOFC-GT system

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 13

参考文献 24

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

参数	数值
SOFC输出电压/V	0.78
SOFC电流密度/(A∙m^-2)	2 029.22
SOFC发电量/kW	140
冷凝析出水量/(kg∙h^-1)	0
透平1膨胀做功量/kW	70.94
压气机1功耗/kW	37.07
水泵耗功/kW	0
IBC系统总输出功率/kW	33.53
SOFC交流发电效率/%	58.78
系统总效率/%	72.86
系统总㶲损失/kW	63.48
系统总㶲效率/%	60.84

[1]	明传旺, 赵宇豪, 吕友军, 李一航. 氨基固体氧化物燃料电池的研究进展与机遇[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(10): 10-25.
[2]	杨磊, 王睿, 马丽丽, 孙宁, 李雪莲, 陈婷, 王绍荣, 史彩霞. 钙和铁共掺杂PrBaCo₂O₅₊_δ作为固体氧化物燃料电池阴极的研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(7): 47-52.
[3]	杨莹, 张雁祥, 闫牧夫. 中低温固体氧化物燃料电池电解质制备方法研究进展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(8): 50-57.
[4]	朱沙沙, 李宗宝, 邓雅恬, 王欣, 贾礼超. 合金纳米颗粒在碳氢燃料SOFC阳极中的应用[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(8): 33-42.
[5]	罗丽琦, 王月, 钟海军, 李庆勋, 谢广元, 王绍荣. 固体氧化物燃料电池热电联供系统设计[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(8): 25-32.
[6]	高圆, 李智, 李甲鸿, 高九涛, 李成新, 李长久. 金属支撑固体氧化物燃料电池技术进展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(8): 1-24.
[7]	王丽, 李蓓, 张帆, 陈金伟. 基于增益调度模型预测控制的SOFC-GT混合动力系统温度控制[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(10): 42-49.
[8]	王朝阳, 刘明, 赵永亮, 种道彤, 严俊杰. 绝热条件下固体氧化物燃料电池的瞬态电化学特性[J]. 华电技术, 2021, 43(7): 30-36.