关键词: 综合能源系统, 风力发电, 光伏发电, 燃料电池, 风光气互补, 电跟随模式, 热跟随模式, 能耗

Abstract:

To address the lack of systematic time-of-use （TOU） operational strategies and unified quantitative evaluation frameworks in existing research on wind-solar-gas integrated energy systems （IES）， this study proposed an optimized operational strategy adaptable to seasonal load characteristics by constructing an IES model incorporating wind power， photovoltaics， and fuel cells. The strategy aimed to enhance the system's economic viability， environmental sustainability， and energy utilization efficiency. Initially， a mathematical IES model was developed using Matlab. A three-dimensional comprehensive performance evaluation system was established， encompassing indicators for thermal performance （energy consumption）， economic performance （operational costs）， and environmental performance （CO₂ emissions）. Subsequently， taking an industrial park in Gansu Province as the case study， typical days representing peak， transition， and off-peak seasons were selected to comparatively analyze the system performance under "electricity-following-heat" （EFH） and "heat-following-electricity" （HFE） operational modes. Furthermore， the impact of the cooling load allocation coefficient （β） on system energy consumption under different operational modes was thoroughly investigated. Simulation results indicated that the system's operational strategy exhibited significant seasonal dependence. During the peak and transition seasons， the EFH mode demonstrated superior performance over the HFE mode in terms of energy consumption， operational costs， and CO₂ emissions. During the peak season， the peak energy consumption under the EFH mode （114.7 MW） was substantially lower than that under the HFE mode （175.0 MW）， with the maximum CO₂ emissions reduced by approximately 38.6%. During the off-peak season， the system displayed distinct time-varying characteristics： the HFE mode performed better between 10：00 and 18：00 economically and energetically， whereas the EFH mode was more advantageous during the remaining periods. Additionally， parameter analysis revealed that under the EFH mode， system energy consumption decreased linearly and smoothly as β increased. Conversely， under the HFE mode， energy consumption generally rose with a larger β. The findings confirm that a single operational mode cannot accommodate the IES load variations over a whole year. Implementing a complementary operational strategy based on time segments is crucial for achieving optimal system performance. Specifically， the EFH mode should be applied continuously during the peak and transition seasons， while a TOU strategy should be adopted during the off-peak season. This strategy not only effectively reduces operational costs but also significantly curtails carbon emissions. Meanwhile， the EFH mode exhibits superior robustness against variations in the electric cooling load allocation coefficient， providing a theoretical basis for parameter setting and optimized dispatch in similar systems.

Key words: integrated energy system, wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, fuel cell, wind-photovoltaic-gas complementarity, electricity-following mode, heat-following mode, energy consumption