综合能源系统潮流分析模型与方法的研究综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.10.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多能流潮流分析是研究综合能源系统（IES）状态估计、安全分析与优化控制的重要基础工作。为方便以潮流分析方法研究电、气、热（冷）等能源间的相互转化与耦合联供，综合分析了IES潮流分析的2个主要研究方向，其一为在某确定工况下根据已知参数计算系统的运行状态，包括稳态和动态潮流；其二为在前者基础上考虑系统不确定性参数对系统运行影响的不确定性潮流，并主要以概率潮流解法进行讨论，指出目前多能流混合潮流的研究进展与解耦方法与局限性，总结了最优潮流的求解方式和应用现状。结果表明，目前多能流稳态计算已较为成熟；动态潮流模型多以差分法求解，但准确度和求解效率仍有待提高；不确定性潮流对数据要求较高，无法兼顾计算精度和效率；最优潮流研究多集中于单一目标优化，较少涉及多目标并考虑不确定因素约束的复杂模型。最后，提出目前混合能源潮流计算在模型约束和算法难度等方面的局限性与未来发展前景。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 电网潮流模型, 稳态潮流, 动态潮流, 热电联产, 电转热, 电转气, 燃气机组, 溴化锂制冷机, 能源集线器模型

Abstract:

Multi-energy flow analysis is a crucial and fundamental link for the state estimation，security analysis and optimal regulation of an integrated energy system（IES）. To study the mutual conversion and coupling of electric power，gas，thermal power and cold energy with power flow analysis，two main research directions of integrated energy system power flow analysis are compared. The first one is to calculate the system's operating state，including steady-state and dynamic power flow，based on known parameters under a certain operating condition.On this basis， the second one considers the impact of uncertain parameters on system operation，and study the uncertain power flow through probabilistic power flow analysis.The research progress made in multi-energy hybrid flow and limitations of current decoupling methods are pointed out，and the optimal power flow solution and its applications are summarized. The results show that the multi-energy steady-state flow calculation is relatively mature，but the dynamic power flow model mostly solved by the differential method lacks accuracy and solution efficiency.Uncertainty power flow requires highly on data and cannot balance computing accuracy and efficiency.The optimal power flow model mainly focuses on single-objective optimization，while seldom considers multiple objectives or uncertain factors.Finally，the limitations of hybrid energy power flow calculation in terms of its model constraints and algorithm complexity are proposed，and its prospects are made.

Key words: integrated energy system, power grid power flow model, steady-state flow, dynamic flow, combined heating and power, power to heat, power to gas, gas turbine, lithium bromide refrigerator, energy hub model

中图分类号:

TM744：TK01

邬东烨, 杨迪, 金旭, 洪文鹏, 叶绍义, 赵晓明. 综合能源系统潮流分析模型与方法的研究综述[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(10): 70-81.

WU Dongye, YANG Di, JIN Xu, HONG Wenpeng, YE Shaoyi, ZHAO Xiaoming. Power flow models and calculation methods applied in integrated energy systems[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(10): 70-81.

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计算类型		特性	解决问题	数学模型	研究方法	优点	缺点
确定性潮流	稳态	长时间尺度，运行状态稳定	求解多系统、多能源耦合模型	代数方程	统一法	总迭代次数少	易出现维数过大，计算繁琐等问题
	稳态	长时间尺度，运行状态稳定	求解多系统、多能源耦合模型	代数方程	分解法	计算灵活简便	对耦合复杂系统收敛性差
	动态	短时间尺度，运行状态时变	偏微分方程线性化	偏微分方程	差分法	简化了偏微分计算	对大规模问题求解方程数多，计算量大
不确定性潮流	概率潮流	发电出力与能源负荷波动	求解系统状态变量统计特征	随机因素的概率分布模型	模拟法：蒙特卡罗模拟	计算精度高	计算效率低，处理复杂
					解析法：半不变量法	计算效率高	精度低，收敛不稳定
					近似法：点估计法	对低阶估计有较高的精度与效率	对高阶多不确定性因素估计精度与效率低

属性	经典法	人工智能法
适用范围	简单中小规模问题	复杂大规模问题
求解维数	低	高
初值要求	高	低
计算速度	较快	较慢
目标函数与约束条件	连续可微	可以不连续
结果稳定性	较好	较差