基于遗传算法的建筑用能多目标优化应用进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前，中国建筑用能结构中的化石能源消费占比较高，不利于“双碳”目标的实现。论述了绿色建筑能源系统的现状，展示了可再生能源整合、余热回收利用以及储能等技术在提升建筑能效和减少碳排放方面的潜力。研究人员多以建筑能耗、室内舒适度及建筑成本为优化目标，通过建模软件搭建物理模型，选择适合多目标优化的算法对模型进行优化。探讨了现有技术以及算法在建筑用能多目标优化中的优缺点，指出遗传算法能够在建筑能耗、室内舒适度以及建筑成本等多方面取得良好的优化效果，为建筑设计和改造决策提供了强有力的支持。未来需要发展新的多目标优化算法，建立全面的智慧能源管理大数据平台，从而扩大全场景应用，实现建筑能源使用和智慧化管理的完美融合。

关键词: “双碳”目标, 绿色建筑, 建筑能耗, 可再生能源, 余热回收, 碳排放, 储能, 多目标优化, 遗传算法, 综合能源

Abstract:

Currently， fossil energy consumption accounts for a high proportion of energy use in buildings in China， which is not conducive to achieving the "dual-carbon" goals. This paper discusses the current status of green building energy systems and highlights the potential of technologies such as renewable energy integration， waste heat recovery， and energy storage in improving building energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. Researchers often focus on optimizing building energy consumption， indoor comfort， and construction costs by building physical models using simulation software and selecting appropriate algorithms for multi-objective optimization. The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies and algorithms in multi-objective optimization of building energy use， emphasizing that genetic algorithms can achieve good optimization results in terms of building energy consumption， indoor comfort， and construction costs， thus providing strong support for building design and renovation decisions. In the future， there is a need to develop new multi-objective optimization algorithms and establish a comprehensive big data platform for intelligent energy management to expand all-scenario applications and achieve the perfect integration of building energy use and intelligent management.

Key words: "dual-carbon" goals, green buildings, building energy consumption, renewable energy, waste heat recovery, carbon emissions, energy storage, multi-objective optimization, genetic algorithm, integrated energy

中图分类号:

TK01：TU201.5

樊颜搏, 熊亚选, 李想, 田曦, 杨洋. 基于遗传算法的建筑用能多目标优化应用进展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(9): 69-85.

FAN Yanbo, XIONG Yaxuan, LI Xiang, TIAN Xi, YANG Yang. Advancement in multi-objective optimization for building energy use based on genetic algorithms[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(9): 69-85.

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作者	优化方法	对比结论
Hamdy^[87]	pNSGA-Ⅱ，MOPSO，PR-GA，ENSES，evMOGA，SpMODE-Ⅱ，MODA	在大多数情况下，所获得解质量的提高与代数的增加有直接关系； PR-GA算法的搜索覆盖了大范围的解空间，包含了具有良好多样性的近优解。PNSGA-Ⅱ，evMOGA和spMODE-Ⅱ在PR-GA后表现出相似的特征；大多数案例中，ENSES，MOPSO和MODA取得了最好的优化结果
Junghans，Dande^[88]	GA，SA，Hybrid，GA-SA	混合GA-SA产生了可靠的结果； GA的种群越大，结果越好；虽然精英主义保证了上一代的最佳解决方案，但无法一直得到更好的平均目标函数
Wetter，Wright^[89]	HJ，GA	GA在测试的3个城市中有2个城市的结果比HJ好，可能是HJ算法由于问题的不连续性导致计算失败，或者陷入局部最优；较大的不连续性可能降低了HJ算法的收敛速度

算法	评估次数
算法	200	600	1 000	1 400	1 800
pNSGA-Ⅱ	18.6	16.9	0	0	1.8
MOSPO	20.9	6.8	6.7	3.6	10.3
PR-GA	7.0	27.1	66.7	73.2	50.0
evMOGA	20.9	22.0	5.0	5.4	6.9
ENSES	2.3	0	0	0	0
spMODE-Ⅱ	25.6	25.4	21.6	16.1	31.0
MODA	4.7	1.8	0	1.7	0

城市	目标函数	基线值/GJ	优化值/GJ	差异度/%
大不里士	年制冷耗电量	1.08	0.31	-71.3
	年照明耗电量	1.90	1.96	+3.2
	年总耗电量	2.98	2.27	-23.8
德黑兰	年制冷耗电量	2.66	0.66	-75.2
	年照明耗电量	1.89	1.97	+4.2
	年总耗电量	4.55	2.63	-42.2
科曼	年制冷耗电量	1.74	0.41	-76.4
	年照明耗电量	1.91	1.93	+1.0
	年总耗电量	3.65	2.34	-35.9
阿巴斯港	年制冷耗电量	3.35	1.48	-55.8
	年照明耗电量	1.89	1.98	+4.8
	年总耗电量	5.24	3.46	-34.0

项目	光伏占比/%
项目	0	40	60
年一次能源消耗量/ [(kW·h)·m^-2]	215.7	61.6	40.1
平均预计不满意百分比/%	13.0	12.4	12.9
总成本/欧元	74 700	68 500	41 300
净现值/欧元		6 040	33 000
投资回收期/a		17.6	12.4
年均CO₂当量排放量/t	25.00	7.15	4.65