Research on control strategy for virtual power plants in response to thermostatically controlled loads

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.01.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Thermostatically controlled load（TCL） is of frequent and drastic fluctuations and high- proportion peak load，which threats the safe operation of the power grid. To alleviate the fluctuation， a power system has to raise its load over the peak load regulation constraint of 90% maximum load. To study the over-limit process of a virtual power plant（VPP）system， two control strategies are proposed to reduce the total amount of over-limit electricity and gain profits from the process. Two types of variation laws of the power demand varying with TCLs are selected to study the effectiveness of the strategies. The results show that the peak value of the power demand varying with TCLs has a great impact on the strategies. Under the safe mode，the proportion of over-limit electricity is inversely proportional to the power demand peak value，while is proportional to the average value. Under the profiting mode，since the peak value and average value of power affects the charging and discharge processes，the profit decreases with the increase of power demand，ranging from 36 200 to 32 500 yuan.

Key words: virtual power plant, thermostatically controlled load, coordinated control strategy, price differential revenue, APROS, electric vehicle, stored energy, peak regulation

CLC Number:

TK01

TIAN Zeyu, SHA Zhaoyang, ZHAO Quanbin, YAN Hui, CHONG Daotong. Research on control strategy for virtual power plants in response to thermostatically controlled loads[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(1): 28-37.

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参数	值	参数	值
额定容量/（A·h）	540	额定开路电压/V	540.0
电芯容量/（A·h）	270	电芯开路电压/V	3.2
SOC的可用范围/%	10~100	电压变化范围/V	420.0~613.0
储能的额定功率/(kW·h)	291.6	最大放电电流/A	-540
串联电芯数	169	最大充电电流/A	1 080
并联电芯数	2	额定放电功率/kW	291.6

时间段	连入电网的储能组	电费	调度目的
11:30—16:30	C	平值	电动公交车储能在谷电价时最大化充电，充电结束后储能组C剩余储能S_OC=1
16:30—18:30	A	平值	储能车组A工作结束接入电网，同时此时段光伏机组输出功率下降，负载开始受到温控负载的影响，需求增大。为获得最大的收益，在此时段调度燃煤机组输出功率为额定功率，P=350 MW，储能组A充电，充电结束S_OC，_t_=18:30
18:30—23:00	A，C	峰值	为获得最大收益，储能在峰值电价时段完全放电，此时段燃煤机组的输出功率信号为P_peak。时段结束时，储能的设计容量剩余均为S_OC=0.1，电池放电下限值
23:00—调峰时段结束	C	谷值	储能放电结束，但调峰时段仍在继续，需要满足系统功率需求，设定P_valley= P_demand_,t_=23：00为输出功率设定值