Current status and prospects of key technologies in green hydrogen production industry

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.10.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrogen energy， as a green， zero-carbon， clean secondary energy， has become an important medium for energy interconnection and a key vector for achieving China's "dual carbon" goals. However， hydrogen technology research， development， and industrial application in China are still in its infancy， and numerous technical problems across the whole industrial chain—such as hydrogen production， storage， transportation， and application—remain to be addressed. Green hydrogen production leverages China's advantages of abundant renewable energy such as wind and solar power to realize the coupled interaction between electricity and hydrogen energy across the source-grid-load systems， thereby enhancing the stable operation of the grid and supporting the large-scale development of renewable energy in China. The current status and development trend of the key technologies of green hydrogen production from various aspects such as hydrogen production， hydrogen storage， transportation， and application are investigated. Green hydrogen demonstrates extensive application scenarios， and producing hydrogen from surplus electricity generated by renewable energy such as wind and solar power is expected to become the mainstream hydrogen production method in the future. Based on the development of China's hydrogen energy industry， typical application scenarios and development recommendations are proposed to provide reference ideas for the development of green hydrogen production industry in China.

Key words: renewable energy, green hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation, comprehensive utilization of hydrogen energy

CLC Number:

TK01：TQ116.2

ZHUANG Fuhao, WU Jun, ZHU Ruijin, WU Hongmei, TIAN Run, XUE Yurun. Current status and prospects of key technologies in green hydrogen production industry[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(10): 1-9.

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项目	AEL	PEM	SOEC	AEM
反应温度/℃	70 ~90	70 ~80	700 ~1 000	80
电解质	质量分数为25%~30%的KOH溶液	全氟磺酸膜	Y₂O₃/ZrO₂	固体高分子膜
电解效率/%	60.0 ~75.0	70.0 ~90.0	85.0 ~100.0	77.6 ~82.0
技术水平	成熟	较成熟	初期示范	实验室阶段
启停速度	较快	快	慢	快
响应速度	较快	快	慢	快
电源质量	稳定	稳定、波动	稳定	稳定
电流密度/（A·cm^-2）	0.2~0.4	1.0 ~2.0	1.0 ~10.0	1.0 ~2.0
运行维护	复杂	简单	初期研究	试验阶段

储氢技术	优势	缺点	研究现状	成本
SSHS	安全性高	材料贵、充放条件苛刻	实验室阶段	中等
HPGHS	充放可调	密度低、容器耐压性高	成熟阶段	低
CLHS	密度高、纯度高	耗能高、容器耐热性高	起步阶段	高
LOHC	密度高、安全	过程复杂、充放条件苛刻	实验室阶段	高

储氢方法	氢气密度/(kg·m^-3)	储氢质量占比/%	氢气压力/MPa	氢气温度/K
高压气罐	33	13	80.0	298
液态氢	71	100	0.1	21
金属氢化物	150	2	0.1	298
物理吸附	20	4	7.0	65
复杂氢化物	150	18	0.1	298
碱性物质+水	> 100	14	0.1	298

氢气形态	运氢工具	优点	缺点	应用
固态	罐车	安全性高	能量运输密度低	试验阶段
液态	槽车	中远距离	能耗高	航空航天
气态	长管拖车	技术成熟，短距离	运输量小	小规模化工厂
气态	管道	效率高，长距离	初始投资高	应用广泛

地区	材料	运行时长	距离/km	口径/mm	压力/MPa	氢气纯度/%
德国	钢	1938年至今	240	168~273	2.5	100.0
法国	碳钢	1966年至今	290	多种尺寸	6.5~10.0	100.0
加拿大蒙特利尔	碳钢		116	168		92.5
美国得州	钢（原天然气管道）	23年以上	8	114	5.5	100.0
中国巴陵	碳钢	2014年至今	42	350	4.0	99.5