Optimal operation strategy of virtual power plants considering fairness for electric vehicles

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.01.009

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issue of insufficient consideration of fairness in weak scheduling willingness and low response power of electric vehicles（EVs）in virtual power plant（VPP），an optimal scheduling strategy for VPP considering fairness of EVs was proposed. To effectively resolve the issue，a bi-level optimization model was established for the VPP and the EV clusters. The upper-level VPP model included wind power，photovoltaic（PV）power，gas turbines，energy storage，and user units. In the lower-level EV cluster model，an influence mechanism was introduced to account for the combined effect of incentive prices and EV prices on the users willingness to respond. Aiming to maximize the operating revenue of the VPP，the incentive prices for various EV users were generated based on the users' interval division to improve their participation in scheduling. In the lower-level optimization，each EV user decided whether to participate in the VPP's scheduling response and determined the response power based on the attractiveness of the incentive prices and their own economic considerations. The bi-level optimization problem was then solved based on the KKT conditions and the Big method. Simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Key words: virtual power plant, electric vehicles, fairness, EV price range classification, differential incentive pricing

CLC Number:

TK73

LI Ming, HU Nan, LIU Xinrui. Optimal operation strategy of virtual power plants considering fairness for electric vehicles[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(1): 70-78.

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算例	VPP运行收益	EV集群成本
1	13 512	3 909
2	15 052	4 521
3	15 339	4 622