Design and energy conservation optimization of cold and heat source systems for main control buildings of substations in cold regions

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.04.008

Abstract

Abstract:

In the context of intensifying global climate change， promoting building energy conservation and carbon reduction and achieving zero-energy buildings have become critical measures to address climate change and resource depletion. Substations are indispensable structures in the process of urbanization. Currently， heating systems in substations located in severely cold regions typically rely on energy-intensive electric heating. Therefore， the existing cold and heat source systems were optimized by leveraging the surrounding environmental resources， and feasible schemes for building energy conservation and carbon reduction were proposed. During the research process， CFD methods were employed to demonstrate that the adoption of natural ventilation in the transitional season and summer could achieve a dynamic balance of operating loads. The annual power generation of the solar photovoltaic system could reach 18.75 MW·h. Air source heat pump heating saved 44.50% energy compared to electric heating. Furthermore， the photovoltaic-heat pump hybrid energy supply system achieved an annual CO₂ emission reduction of up to 4.90 t compared to traditional electric heating. The findings validate the engineering feasibility of the photovoltaic power generation and heat pump energy supply technology model for main control buildings of substations in severely cold regions.

Key words: nearly-zero-energy building, main control building of substation, photovoltaic power generation, natural ventilation, heat pump, energy conservation and carbon reduction

CLC Number:

TK01：TU831

ZHU Weidong, HUANG Shuai, MIAO Wenjie, JIN Xu, Aruna , ZHANG Jiapeng, ZHANG Hao, SHA Shuai. Design and energy conservation optimization of cold and heat source systems for main control buildings of substations in cold regions[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2026, 48(4): 72-80.

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等级名称	年总辐照量	等级符号
最丰富	G_HR≥ 6 300 MJ/m²	A
很丰富	5 040 MJ/m²≤ G_HR< 6 300 MJ/m²	B
丰富	3 780 MJ/m²≤G_HR< 5 040 MJ/m²	C
一般	G_HR< 37 80 MJ/m²	D

参数	数值	参数	数值
组件类型	单晶硅	组件数量	68
总装机容量/kW	17.68	组件安装方式	固定集成
组件面积/m²	111	逆变器效率/%	96
逆变器功率/kW	6.75	线路损耗效率/%	1
材料表面污染效率/%	1	修正系数/%	1
系统综合效率/%	85.3

	数值		数值
总装机容量/kW	17.68	首年发电量/(MW·h)	21.25
成本/(元·W^-1)	5	25 a发电量/(MW·h)	468.70
组件占总投资比例/%	50	电价/[元·（kW·h）^-1]	0.7
总投资/万元	17.68	总收益/万元	32.81

参数	换算数值	年均值	总量
发电量/(MW·h)		18.75	468.72
标准煤减少量/t	0.301 5	5.65	141.33
电力烟尘减排量/t	0.002 2	0.04	1.03
CO₂减排量/t	0.570 3	10.70	267.33
SO₂减排量/t	0.010 1	0.19	4.73
NO_x减排量/t	0.015 2	0.29	7.13

类型	冷、热负荷/[(kW·h)·a^-1]	耗电量/[(kW·h)·a^-1]	碳排放因子/[kg·(kW·h)^-1]	碳排放/ (t·a^-1)
空气源热泵	19 426	10 792	0.570 3	6.20
电加热	19 426	19 426		11.10
供冷系统	2 524	841		0.50
照明系统		2 746		1.60
设备运行系统		21 900		12.50
空气源热泵系统合计				20.80
电加热系统合计				25.70