二氧化碳跨临界循环热泵的应用与发展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2023.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在碳达峰、碳中和背景下，采用自然工质的CO₂热泵更加符合绿色低碳的要求。介绍了国内外CO₂热泵应用与研究现状。CO₂热泵热水器与传统电热水器相比，CO₂排放量减少40%，其最大优势在于，以较大温升保持较高的换热效率。在室外温度较低的情况下，通过使用CO₂热泵，铁路沿线和北方农村地区能出产满足要求的热水并具有较高的全年能效比。一些企业已完成CO₂车载空调的研发，并已基本实现量产。CO₂热泵干燥与传统的电热干燥技术相比，节能率高达55%。CO₂热泵技术将是未来研究环保低碳新技术的热点，将在我国碳达峰、碳中和事业中发挥关键作用。

关键词: CO₂热泵, 跨临界循环, 供热, 制冷, 碳中和

Abstract:

Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality，the application of heat pumps with natural working medium CO₂ as refrigerant is more in line with the new requirements of green development and environmental protection.Comparing the status of overseas and domestic researches on CO₂ heat pumps in different scenarios，it is found out that CO₂ emissions from a CO₂ heat pump water heater is 40% lower than that from a traditional electric water heater.The most prominent advantage of a CO₂ heat pumps is the significant temperature rise which leads to high working efficiency.In low outdoor temperatures，CO₂ heat pumps can satisfy the hot water demands of users along railways and in rural areas of northern China with high annual energy efficiency ratios. CO₂ on-board air conditioners have been developed and basically into mass production.Compared with a traditional electric dryer，a CO₂ heat pump dryer can save energy by 55% at most.CO₂ heat pump technology will be a hot spot in the future research on environmental protection and low-carbon technologies， and will play a key role in China's "dual carbon" target.

Key words: CO₂ heat pump, transcritical cycle, heating, refrigerant, carbon neutrality

中图分类号:

TK01

李敏霞, 侯焙然, 王派, 董丽玮, 田华. 二氧化碳跨临界循环热泵的应用与发展[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2023, 45(4): 12-18.

LI Minxia, HOU Beiran, WANG Pai, DONG Liwei, TIAN Hua. Application and development of CO₂ transcritical cycle heat pumps[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2023, 45(4): 12-18.

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项目	常规HCFC热泵	CO₂热泵
热水温度/℃	约100	约55
换热过程	潜热换热	显热换热
低温制热水能力	衰减快	稳定可靠
换热效率	低	高