虚拟电厂的优化调度技术与市场机制设计综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对环境污染的持续加剧和化石燃料的日益短缺,推进落实“双碳”目标,风电、光伏等可再生能源在电网中的接入比例不断提高。然而,可再生能源发电具有间歇性和波动性,且接入位置分散,增加了电力系统安全稳定运行的难度。虚拟电厂的提出为解决可再生能源问题提供了新思路,阐述了虚拟电厂（VPP）的概念与实现架构,并从综合能源、电动汽车、可再生能源3个角度分析了VPP参与系统运行优化调度的关键技术,分别实现与电、热、气等综合能源的交互并降低系统运行成本,缓解电动汽车无序充放电对电网产生的负面影响,平抑可再生能源的间歇性和波动性出力。此外阐述了市场环境下VPP基于博弈论等方法的市场策略,并梳理了VPP典型工程应用,为我国VPP的建设与发展提供借鉴。

关键词: 虚拟电厂, 综合能源, 电动汽车, 可再生能源, 碳中和, 市场机制, 需求响应, 分布式能源, 能源互联网

Abstract:

In order to cope with the continuous aggravation of environmental pollution and increasing shortage of fossil fuels,the proportion of renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaic in power grid has been soaring.However,renewable energy power generation is intermittent and fluctuating,and its access points are scattered,which increases the difficulty of safe and stable operation of the system.Virtual power plants provide a new train of thought for the problem above.The concept and implementation architecture of a VPP are expounded.The key technologies for VPPs to participate in power system optimal operation scheduling are analyzed from three perspectives,integrated energy,electric vehicles and renewable energy.The technologies realize the interaction between electricity,heat,gas and other integrated energy, lower the operating cost of the system,alleviate the side effects of disordered charging and discharging of electric vehicles on the power grid,and suppressed the intermittent and fluctuating output of renewable energy as well.In addition,the VPP's market strategies based on game theory and other methods under market environment are analyzed.Sorting out the typical engineering applications of VPPs can provide reference for the construction and development of VPPs in China.

Key words: virtual power plant, integrated energy, electric vehicle, renewable energy, carbon neutrality, market mechanism, demand response, distributed energy storage, energy internet

中图分类号:

TK01：TM73

张凯杰, 丁国锋, 闻铭, 惠红勋, 丁一, 贺民, 褚杰锋, 谢康, 俞楚天, 张利军. 虚拟电厂的优化调度技术与市场机制设计综述[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(2): 60-72.

ZHANG Kaijie, DING Guofeng, WEN Ming, HUI Hongxun, DING Yi, HE Min, CHU Jiefeng, XIE Kang, YU Chutian, ZHANG Lijun. Review of optimal dispatching technology and market mechanism design for virtual power plants[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(2): 60-72.

图/表 4

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