相变储能技术在热泵系统中的应用综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2022.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

实现“双碳”目标,需要提升新能源利用率并解决储能相关问题。相变材料（PCM）因其独特的物理特性能够在特定的温度下存储和释放能量,在能量存储方面有很广泛的应用。中低温相变储能技术的应用主要集中在建筑节能方面。分析了相变储能技术与热泵技术结合,在提升热泵的性能系数（COP）、减少热泵除霜时间和存储热泵热量/冷量等方面的应用进展情况。两者结合,能有效提升热泵COP、热泵机组运行稳定性以及用户端的舒适度,在建筑节能领域有着广阔的应用前景。指出了实际应用中存在的温度匹配、功率匹配、系统成本等问题,为未来研究提供可参考方向。

关键词: 相变材料, 相变储能, 热泵, 热泵性能系数, 新能源, 碳中和, 建筑供暖

Abstract:

Phase change material（PCM） can store and release energy at a specific temperature because of its unique physical properties. It has a widespread use in energy storage. Medium and low temperature phase-change energy storage technology is mainly applied to building energy conservation. To facilitate the integrated application of phase-change energy storage technology and heat pump technology,the ways to improve the coefficient of performance（COP） of heat pumps,reduce the defrosting time of heat pumps and strength the heat / cold storage capacity of heat pumps are analyzed. The integrated application can effectively improve heat pump COP, operational stability of heat pumps and the comfort level of users. This integration is promising in the field of building energy conservation.

Key words: PCM, phase-change energy storage, heat pump, heat pump COP, new energy, carbon neutrality, heat supply of buildings

中图分类号:

TK01

王长君, 闫君, 董勇, 宋占龙. 相变储能技术在热泵系统中的应用综述[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2022, 44(4): 51-64.

WANG Changjun, YAN Jun, DONG Yong, SONG Zhanlong. Application of phase-change energy storage technology in heat pump systems[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2022, 44(4): 51-64.

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材料		相变温度/℃	比焓/ （kJ·kg^-1）	比热容/ [kJ·(kg·K)^-1]	固态密度/ （kg·L^-1）	液态密度/ （kg·L^-1）	导热系数/ [W·(m·K)^-1]
无机材料	CaCl₂·6H₂O^[6]	30.0	187.49	1.46(s)/2.13(l)	1.500	1.710	—
	41%MgCl₂·(H₂O)₆+ 59%Mg(NO₃)₂·(H₂O)₆^[7]	40.0~65.0	—	—	—	—	0.600
	Na₂SO₄·10H₂O^[8,9]	32.4	241.00	1.80(s)/3.30(l)	1.460	1.330	0.700(s)/0.540(l)
石蜡类	RT6^[10]	8.0	140.00	1.80(s)/2.40(l)	0.860	0.770	—
	RT10^[11]	9.0	134.90	2.00	0.880	0.770	0.200
	RT11HC^[12]	10.0~12.0	—	—	0.880	0.770	0.200
	A16^[13]	15.0~17.0	213.00	2.30~2.37	0.830	0.800	0.180
	RT22^[14]	19.0~23.0	200.00	2.00	0.880	0.770	0.200
	RT27^[10]	25.0	146.00	1.80(s)/2.40(l)	0.870	0.750	—
	Paraffin^[9]	35.0	160.00	2.00	0.880	0.760	0.200
	Paraffin^[15]	44.0	174.00	2.44(s)/2.53(l)	0.830	0.783	0.130
	RT44HC^[16]	43.0	255.00	—	0.860	0.760	0.200
	Paraffin^[17]	49.6~50.6	146.00	2.20(s)/3.62(l)	0.845	0.765	0.360
	Paraffin^[17]	54.9~55.8	149.10	2.37(s)/3.16(l)	0.850	0.768	0.400
	Paraffin^[18]	52.0~54.0	140.00	2.40	0.920	—	5.380
	RT58^[19]	58.0	179.00	1.80(s)/2.40(l)	0.760	0.900	—
	Paraffin^[17]	59.5~60.2	189.50	2.89(s)/4.31(l)	0.862	0.780	0.400
有机酸类	36%硬脂酸+64%棕榈酸^[7]	40.0~65.0	—	—	—	—	0.288
有机酸类	65%癸酸+35%月桂酸^[20]	18.0	140.80	—	0.900	—	0.143