计及气象因素与分时电价影响的综合能源系统负荷调控策略研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2024.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

用能高峰时段，综合能源系统多元负荷受气象因素影响，使其用能需求量短时持续上升，导致供需矛盾加剧；同时，综合能源系统多能耦合转换与蓄放单元的电驱动特点（如冰蓄冷空调、电制冷制冰）致使其用能成本受分时电价影响进一步增加。以供冷季用能高峰时段综合能源系统冷-电供需调控为研究对象，提出一种包含冷负荷需求自身调节与供冷功率主动控制的两阶段递进式调控策略，旨在实现多能供需平衡空间的拓展与用能成本的降低。基于模糊C均值聚类并考虑综合气象因素与分时电价的影响，选取调控时段；在第1阶段构建了温-湿舒适度最佳与冷能需求量最低的多目标负荷调节模型，在第2阶段提出了用能成本最低和运行能耗最小的多目标供冷输出功率主动控制策略；选取某校园综合能源系统实际运行数据进行算例仿真，采用ε-约束法以及多维偏好线性规划方法进行多目标求解，并基于用能舒适度变化的运行能耗、用能成本等指标，对比分析负荷需求在用能高峰时段调控优化前后的效果。结果表明，所提方法在满足用能舒适度的同时，能削减约13%的负荷需求，并降低约1.9%系统用能成本，有效缓解多能供需矛盾，增强系统运行的灵活性。

关键词: 综合能源系统, 负荷调控, 多目标优化, 综合气象因素, 分时电价

Abstract:

Being affected by meteorological factors，the power consumption of an integrated energy system （IES） coupling multiple sources is prone to surge during peak load periods， resulting in intensifying contradictions between power supply and demand. Meanwhile， since an IES need to convert different types of energy and power equipment， such as ice storage air conditioner， with its energy storage unit， the system's energy cost is affected by time-of-use tariffs. Taking the cooling and electricity demands of an IES during the peak period as regulation objectives， a two-stage progressive regulation strategy including self-regulation on cooling load and active control on cooling load is proposed， aiming at expanding the balance scope of the supply and demand from a multi-energy system and reducing the system's energy cost. The regulation period is selected by fuzzy C-means clustering， comprehensively considering the influence of meteorological factors and time-of-use prices. In the first stage， the load regulation model with the optimal temperature and humidity， and the lowest demand on cold energy as objectives is constructed. In the second stage， a cooling output active control strategy with the lowest energy cost and the minimal operating energy consumption as its objectives is proposed. Finally， the method is verified by the simulation of an IES for a campus. The multi-objective models are solved by the ε-constraint method and multi-dimensional preference linear programming. The operation energy consumption and energy cost varying with the comfort before and after the regulation on peak-period power consumption are compared. The calculation results show that the proposed method can reduce the load demand by about 13% and the cost by about 1.9%， while satisfying the comfort of energy users. It can effectively alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of multi-energy systems， and enhance the flexibility of system operation.

Key words: integrated energy system, load regulation, multi-objective optimization, comprehensive meteoro-logical factors, time-of-use tariff

中图分类号:

TK019：TM714

张力, 金立, 任炬光, 刘小兵. 计及气象因素与分时电价影响的综合能源系统负荷调控策略研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(1): 18-27.

ZHANG Li, JIN Li, REN Juguang, LIU Xiaobing. Research on load regulation strategy of integrated energy systems considering meteorological factors and time-of-use tariffs[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(1): 18-27.

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设备	参数	额定耗电功率/MW
双工况离心式冷水机	制冷工况:45.503 MW·h	7.460
双工况离心式冷水机	制冰工况:30.38 MW·h	7.009
冷却水泵	q_V=930 m³/h，H=30 m	1.280
循环水泵	q_V=950 m³/h，H=40 m	1.280
蓄冰槽	433.554 MW·h

场景	运行策略	THI偏离量	是否满足舒适度	冷负荷削减量/（MW·h）
Ⅰ	冷负荷最低	19.2	是	33.285
	舒适度最高	0.0	是	10.773
	多目标调控	9.4	是	22.342
Ⅱ	冷负荷最低	19.2	是	33.285
Ⅲ	冷负荷最低	24.4	是	39.965
	接近中性温度	6.5	否	0
	多目标调控	16.3	否	19.553

场景	运行策略	运行能耗/（MW·h）	用能成本/美元	调控时段冷负荷替代量/（MW·h）
Ⅰ	运行能耗最低	270.952	25 143	12.693
	用能成本最低	287.359	24 173	173.286
	多目标调控	277.514	24 659	83.739
Ⅱ	用能成本最低	285.317	23 895	170.574