综合智慧能源 ›› 2025, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 96-105.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2025.11.009
• 电力数据安全 • 上一篇
李卓群1(
), 金渊1(
), 彭凤伟2(
), 章翔宇2(
), 戴罕奇1(
), 张暹1(
), 袁小溪1, 龚钢军2,*(
)
收稿日期:2025-02-18
修回日期:2025-04-15
出版日期:2025-04-28
通讯作者:
*龚钢军(1976),男,教授,博士,从事电力信息安全方面的研究,gong@ncepu.edu.cn。作者简介:李卓群(1994),女,工程师,硕士,从事智能用电、电动汽车充放电等方面的研究,lizhuoqun0809@126.com;基金资助:
LI Zhuoqun1(
), JIN Yuan1(
), PENG Fengwei2(
), ZHANG Xiangyu2(
), DAI Hanqi1(
), ZHANG Xian1(
), YUAN Xiaoxi1, GONG Gangjun2,*(
)
Received:2025-02-18
Revised:2025-04-15
Published:2025-04-28
Supported by:摘要:
随着能源互联网与新一代信息技术的深度融合,数智化电网成为电力系统转型升级的核心方向。在国家政策和市场需求的双重驱动下,我国充电基础设施建设迅速发展,预计到2025年将新增大量充换电站和充电桩。然而,数智化电网下充电桩的广泛应用也带来了网络安全问题。从充电桩的边界安全、通信协议、操作系统漏洞等方面探讨了充电桩网络安全的挑战,并分析了静态符号执行、代码审计和模糊测试等漏洞挖掘技术对充电桩网络安全带来的影响。展望了数智化电网下充电桩网络安全的未来发展趋势,并强调了遵循国家法律法规和标准,实施有效网络安全防护措施的重要性。
中图分类号:
李卓群, 金渊, 彭凤伟, 章翔宇, 戴罕奇, 张暹, 袁小溪, 龚钢军. 数智化电网下充电桩网络安全挑战与防护研究[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2025, 47(11): 96-105.
LI Zhuoqun, JIN Yuan, PENG Fengwei, ZHANG Xiangyu, DAI Hanqi, ZHANG Xian, YUAN Xiaoxi, GONG Gangjun. Research on cybersecurity challenges and protection of charging piles in digital and intelligent power grids[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2025, 47(11): 96-105.
表1
通信协议漏洞挖掘方法优缺点
| 方法类型 | 优点 | 缺点 | 针对协议 | 关键技术 | 典型研究 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基于突变的 模糊测试 | 无需详细协议规范;通过现有输入变异快速生成用例;状态空间遍历能力强 | 依赖随机变异策略;冗余用例多、资源浪费;深层缺陷探测困难 | Modbus,ICS协议 | 信息熵引导个性化突变;BERT无监督聚类;AFL改进框架 | 文献[37-38] |
| 基于生成的 模糊测试 | 符合协议规范;覆盖协议多层级结构;测试用例多样性高 | 需要协议结构知识;逆向分析成本高;复杂协议生成难度大 | CAN总线,工业控制协议 | 协议逆向分析(Pro Cluster);Transformer自注意力机制;动态多尺度判别器 | 文献[39-40] |
| 基于状态导向的模糊测试 | 精准触发协议状态转移;提升代码覆盖率;支持复杂交互场景验证 | 状态机建模复杂度高;多节点同步测试难度大;依赖协议状态可见性 | X.509,TLS,有状态协议 | 灰盒状态追踪技术;差分测试算法;状态转移优先级 排序 | 文献[41] |
表2
操作系统漏洞挖掘方法优缺点
| 方法类型 | 优点 | 缺点 | 核心能力 | 典型研究 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 人工走查 | 发现漏洞深度高;可识别复杂逻辑缺陷 | 耗时耗力;依赖人员技术水平;代码量大时不现实 | 深度代码审查;逻辑漏洞挖掘 | 通用人工 审查 | 小型项目;关键模块深度审查 |
| 工具静扫描分析 | 漏报率低;无需运行程序;支持自动化检测 | 误报率高;依赖规则库更新;无法检测运行时漏洞 | 静态数据流/控制流分析;代码结构可视化 | 文献[42-43] | 代码开发早期阶段;资源受限环境 |
| 动态测试 分析 | 误报率低;真实运行环境检测;可捕捉运行时漏洞 | 漏报率高;依赖测试用例质量;代码覆盖率有限 | 运行时行为监控;输入/输出关系验证 | 文献[44] | 工控设备漏洞挖掘;模糊测试场景 |
| 动静态结合测试分析 | 兼顾深度与效率;覆盖多种漏洞类型;检测准确性高 | 技术实现复杂;工具整合成本高;依赖静态规则与动态数据协同 | 多维度漏洞预测;固件已知漏洞挖掘 | 文献[45-46] | 复杂固件安全评估;多类型漏洞联合检测 |
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